Old Chinese saying goes, sell themselves. Now there are many people disagree. They think that no matter how fragrant your wine is not placed in the position of eye-catching does not work or, worse, no matter their point of view is Your wine does not smell, you want to have good sales, most importantly, into the striking position.
This is a bit like the the following points:
classic is not necessarily popular; popular must be the classic.
even, I understand and accept the more leftist view:
classic is a classic no matter whether it is popular; the contrary, But you want to rise to the classic pop need to experience too much ...
just joined a Youth Online Survey --- you think that reading, there is no use?
a question about the meaning of which is the case : The present study is useless, how to understand more easily? course, this is a choice, but in this, I want him as a quiz question.
It depends on how the understanding of public opinion (or most of the Chinese point of view), it seems, and more abundant, will produce a series of consequences. I do not discuss the process only give my conclusion: For the body is, as the unit of ; useless number of publications in the pursuit of popularity. In fact, the only publication, said that the whole community is so serious. It is a social problem.
the debris may have more than the shadow of the text: messy, jumping, minimalist, heavy (I still can not use other terms).
I put something on the fragments (collected works on my blog), the time may wish to look at, always welcome!
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
China's dual social inscription of the sad truth hard to find mahjong
10.2.27
hard to find the truth, China has finally finished the dual social
QIN Xiao-rong Cao love boss and ending, drama is always happy for people to see China and QIN Xiao-rong Cao snuggling together, talk to each other, I can not help out a tear, I would like someone to talk to, wish someone would comfort my loneliness, but can not. of course, drama is only one good intentions, but definitely hard to find in real life this truth, but the truth is that all human beings are always a beautiful dream, since ancient times people stuck in the eternal praise of the love, not only ode to love, but also praise the selfless human love. I'm looking for a lifetime of love, looking for a lifetime of truth, but did not even possible to find, I see only selfishness and hypocrisy, I only have a lifetime of loneliness. I seem to have adapted to the lonely, cold earth in search for truth and the truth. But I do not see any hope, I seem to be completely disappointed, and those who do not want to indifference and hypocrisy of the people have nothing to, because it is no common language!
I really feel that life is hopeless, in addition to holding the children also hang and fantasy take a look at the future of society, the really live without What could be the nostalgia. What I have experienced. I've been to Hainan, I do not know so many people enthusiastically participated in the Hainan's real estate is crazy, Hainan have any good things? is Boao beaches, as well as Half of Thailand Overseas Chinese Farm to see other than the sea do not really have to be considered even close Shanghao landscape where mountains and rivers, and heritage sites can be compared to the mainland is simply rubbish. ends of the earth that is two stones a few minutes to look on the end, people want to get rich want crazy, crazy real estate in Hainan child, really mad! can only suffer!
and urbanization, China's real estate did not have anything to do, and not ordinary people can buy The room from which to live, real estate has become rich and pure gambling tool. Some experts say China's real estate will be double, and a weight is affordable housing, a weight is expensive housing, but a lie, do not say What cover does not come out of affordable housing, is built out, it will become a bureaucratic power tools for their abuse of power, the powerful people who can not make profit. The Chinese have a clear double flattering political, and economic life, the poor and political and nothing to do with modern life, they have no voice and any other rights, they can only shop at the farmers market, live in slums and barely survive. cars and other luxury goods, and they can not afford the price of the supermarket, the city The commercial has nothing to do with them, even if affordable housing will simply not reach their hands. the history of reform and opening up has proven! reform into various interest groups in the game, most powerful group of government revenue to increase 30% in place top the list of wealthy businessmen in collusion with the right to have followed, the people change out the head of the new pressure from the three big mountains, a 3% share of the national wealth, power 90%. people in the game what forces not, they did not earn any interest, the results were too clear! dual society is impossible to human truth and the truth!
official statistics say that only 1.5% inflation in January, in fact, food prices have already more than 20%, inflation expectations will inevitably be inflation, high inflation has come in 2010, is also a Zainian! I try to bulging, and I still do not know quite how long, but I've always been a strong person I have been living alone with the efforts of the brave! is already so, and I have nothing to worry about it? Although there is no hope that I will stick to the end! Mr. Lu said, I hope this does not matter there is not does not matter, I hope lies in the future, just like the way the ground, in fact, the earth had no roads, many people go has become way too.
who can say that certainly does not want to do?
the performance of certain people Mahjong World Heritage the weak state of mind and dominate the world's impetuous delusional some people are engaged in mahjong
inscription, and organized a world organization, and publicity is the great man entrusted Yu Guangyuan, seems to be a great career. In fact, Canada's flag to promote people, nothing new VIP
tide against the progress of the case and more numerous, Yu Guangyuan, a description can not argue that any questions, Mahjong Dragon Boat Festival in May to take the inscription as World Heritage South Korea boredom pole. Mahjong is a Chinese invention, although an old game, but because it brought back
implies the mechanism of human gambling this vicious, so the hearts of Chinese people playing mahjong and gambling are synonymous, people do not play mahjong money is not playing, and gambling play an evil human nature, get to the inscription on the mahjong and gambling to get the same
inscription, no doubt, must be the Chinese gambling oldest in the world, and how not to declare left ah? Chinese puzzle game a lot, so why only the spread of Mahjong, the Chinese children's songs says, This tradition, would not want to bet all the people all. that is to carry forward gambling of righteousness, that he was prone to human nature is evil and carry forward a few years more and worse, do not believe you on this crazy retro bent
these attempts interests of the Chinese people, can change for the better mahjong?
inscription is the weak state of mind, to seek a multi-cultural heritage of the world become a world power, China has too many ancient cultures, and are a legacy application, is strong it? China the weak or weak, there is no use, so much the number of Olympic gold medals have
useful? U.S. arms sales to Taiwan or to fantasy power to the inscription into a great nation is a dream, there is nothing the United States Shen, and still is the world! impetuous Chinese now think that China has resumed over the world's leading ancient culture will be strong
old and full of spending taxpayer money to do the Confucius Institute, will be able to become the world's power, which is also a dream, foreigners so eager to learn Chinese culture, is to understand the past, they do not understand China, opened China and Mongolia on the surface of the gauze
to see the past, they do not understand the mysterious the nature of the kingdom is not the worship of the Chinese culture, where learning is understood in the foreign language, rather than did, but not worship! When the Chinese culture is a deep understanding of foreigners since the end
result of what China might make impetuous People disappointed!
Chinese people from that world power was over, but it was in the distant past era, and modern is the sword a bunch of foreigners meat slaughtered. humiliation to the Chinese people will never want to restore past prestige directions, the official said China
do not want to dominate the world, but used the word Tao is the unlucky people fully believe that China is weak, but the ambition to dominate the rhetoric cover. unlucky Tao Liu Bei, Cao Cao did not believe that China Tao unlucky Americans stupid? another Chinese folk
crazy, men of letters trumpeted national chauvinism, what sword business, what the United States lead the world instead of the traditional Chinese culture can solve all the problems of the modern world, these are clear say, and let others do not prevent the Chinese
it? impossible!
Mao had once said, is extremely clear, possible, take a look at the world today, although the Soviet Union collapsed, there is no confrontation between two major powers
, but implicit in the two opposing forces is eternal, as long as there exist different ideologies, and that sooner or later Mao must be said for the for the game! Chinese people still do really useful things and let people really get rich, and powerful are no longer riding on the heads of the people domineering
, the people at heart a true love of their country, this country be stronger!
hard to find the truth, China has finally finished the dual social
QIN Xiao-rong Cao love boss and ending, drama is always happy for people to see China and QIN Xiao-rong Cao snuggling together, talk to each other, I can not help out a tear, I would like someone to talk to, wish someone would comfort my loneliness, but can not. of course, drama is only one good intentions, but definitely hard to find in real life this truth, but the truth is that all human beings are always a beautiful dream, since ancient times people stuck in the eternal praise of the love, not only ode to love, but also praise the selfless human love. I'm looking for a lifetime of love, looking for a lifetime of truth, but did not even possible to find, I see only selfishness and hypocrisy, I only have a lifetime of loneliness. I seem to have adapted to the lonely, cold earth in search for truth and the truth. But I do not see any hope, I seem to be completely disappointed, and those who do not want to indifference and hypocrisy of the people have nothing to, because it is no common language!
I really feel that life is hopeless, in addition to holding the children also hang and fantasy take a look at the future of society, the really live without What could be the nostalgia. What I have experienced. I've been to Hainan, I do not know so many people enthusiastically participated in the Hainan's real estate is crazy, Hainan have any good things? is Boao beaches, as well as Half of Thailand Overseas Chinese Farm to see other than the sea do not really have to be considered even close Shanghao landscape where mountains and rivers, and heritage sites can be compared to the mainland is simply rubbish. ends of the earth that is two stones a few minutes to look on the end, people want to get rich want crazy, crazy real estate in Hainan child, really mad! can only suffer!
and urbanization, China's real estate did not have anything to do, and not ordinary people can buy The room from which to live, real estate has become rich and pure gambling tool. Some experts say China's real estate will be double, and a weight is affordable housing, a weight is expensive housing, but a lie, do not say What cover does not come out of affordable housing, is built out, it will become a bureaucratic power tools for their abuse of power, the powerful people who can not make profit. The Chinese have a clear double flattering political, and economic life, the poor and political and nothing to do with modern life, they have no voice and any other rights, they can only shop at the farmers market, live in slums and barely survive. cars and other luxury goods, and they can not afford the price of the supermarket, the city The commercial has nothing to do with them, even if affordable housing will simply not reach their hands. the history of reform and opening up has proven! reform into various interest groups in the game, most powerful group of government revenue to increase 30% in place top the list of wealthy businessmen in collusion with the right to have followed, the people change out the head of the new pressure from the three big mountains, a 3% share of the national wealth, power 90%. people in the game what forces not, they did not earn any interest, the results were too clear! dual society is impossible to human truth and the truth!
official statistics say that only 1.5% inflation in January, in fact, food prices have already more than 20%, inflation expectations will inevitably be inflation, high inflation has come in 2010, is also a Zainian! I try to bulging, and I still do not know quite how long, but I've always been a strong person I have been living alone with the efforts of the brave! is already so, and I have nothing to worry about it? Although there is no hope that I will stick to the end! Mr. Lu said, I hope this does not matter there is not does not matter, I hope lies in the future, just like the way the ground, in fact, the earth had no roads, many people go has become way too.
who can say that certainly does not want to do?
the performance of certain people Mahjong World Heritage the weak state of mind and dominate the world's impetuous delusional some people are engaged in mahjong
inscription, and organized a world organization, and publicity is the great man entrusted Yu Guangyuan, seems to be a great career. In fact, Canada's flag to promote people, nothing new VIP
tide against the progress of the case and more numerous, Yu Guangyuan, a description can not argue that any questions, Mahjong Dragon Boat Festival in May to take the inscription as World Heritage South Korea boredom pole. Mahjong is a Chinese invention, although an old game, but because it brought back
implies the mechanism of human gambling this vicious, so the hearts of Chinese people playing mahjong and gambling are synonymous, people do not play mahjong money is not playing, and gambling play an evil human nature, get to the inscription on the mahjong and gambling to get the same
inscription, no doubt, must be the Chinese gambling oldest in the world, and how not to declare left ah? Chinese puzzle game a lot, so why only the spread of Mahjong, the Chinese children's songs says, This tradition, would not want to bet all the people all. that is to carry forward gambling of righteousness, that he was prone to human nature is evil and carry forward a few years more and worse, do not believe you on this crazy retro bent
these attempts interests of the Chinese people, can change for the better mahjong?
inscription is the weak state of mind, to seek a multi-cultural heritage of the world become a world power, China has too many ancient cultures, and are a legacy application, is strong it? China the weak or weak, there is no use, so much the number of Olympic gold medals have
useful? U.S. arms sales to Taiwan or to fantasy power to the inscription into a great nation is a dream, there is nothing the United States Shen, and still is the world! impetuous Chinese now think that China has resumed over the world's leading ancient culture will be strong
old and full of spending taxpayer money to do the Confucius Institute, will be able to become the world's power, which is also a dream, foreigners so eager to learn Chinese culture, is to understand the past, they do not understand China, opened China and Mongolia on the surface of the gauze
to see the past, they do not understand the mysterious the nature of the kingdom is not the worship of the Chinese culture, where learning is understood in the foreign language, rather than did, but not worship! When the Chinese culture is a deep understanding of foreigners since the end
result of what China might make impetuous People disappointed!
Chinese people from that world power was over, but it was in the distant past era, and modern is the sword a bunch of foreigners meat slaughtered. humiliation to the Chinese people will never want to restore past prestige directions, the official said China
do not want to dominate the world, but used the word Tao is the unlucky people fully believe that China is weak, but the ambition to dominate the rhetoric cover. unlucky Tao Liu Bei, Cao Cao did not believe that China Tao unlucky Americans stupid? another Chinese folk
crazy, men of letters trumpeted national chauvinism, what sword business, what the United States lead the world instead of the traditional Chinese culture can solve all the problems of the modern world, these are clear say, and let others do not prevent the Chinese
it? impossible!
Mao had once said, is extremely clear, possible, take a look at the world today, although the Soviet Union collapsed, there is no confrontation between two major powers
, but implicit in the two opposing forces is eternal, as long as there exist different ideologies, and that sooner or later Mao must be said for the for the game! Chinese people still do really useful things and let people really get rich, and powerful are no longer riding on the heads of the people domineering
, the people at heart a true love of their country, this country be stronger!
Monday, December 27, 2010
Development of key small and medium banks and solid core competitiveness should
Smoke of the global financial crisis is not over, the global low carbon economy revolution hit in the face of unprecedented opportunities and challenges, China's financial industry have raised the banner of scientific development, help green China's economic development. By the China Financial Network, the China Institute of Finance, the United CCTV co-sponsored the is: br> am very pleased to once again come to participate in this meeting, I have encountered in the outside media, they still remember, the fifth in the last year, I had predicted the annual meeting of experts in the real estate market bottom is forming, then the real estate market is large up. So today I will say a few words aside, have also talked about real estate, I still want to talk about my point of view, the central regulation and control now, I think real estate is now the end of the formation of a breakthrough Although many real estate developers and bankers do not believe this problem, if talk about ideas, I would like to say this, because the core issue of China's real estate is too large gap between rich and poor reflection of the real estate in China has to some extent from the real estate investment, speculative relatively high proportion, and we want to curb the market will have to get a good starting point, must take the real estate investment and consumer demand separated from, and now the central government in according to this line go. China is now an increase in household wealth so quickly, the rich so much, if only to increase supply, build a house more curb real estate prices, I'm afraid the house will not work more than the number built, because the Chinese people like to put the wealth maintain real estate. Now look, on the one hand to tighten bank lending, on the other hand may also be introduced as the next property tax, property tax over the house as a second home and operating the house as to tax, this block needs blocked, the real estate industry there may be regression of the trend. Of course, I only worry is that our determination is not enough, because this involves the interests of local government, the banks financing to local governments cover so much room, if the real estate industry is very powerful to suppress it, the local government can not sell the land, what means the banks loans? so there will be a balance, but a balanced outcome, I think the real estate market is bound to be bound to return tone.
back today's theme, and Dr. Wang Jun together last year I had a very in-depth discussion, I remember that last year Dr. Wang Jun firms presented on the city renamed the thing, I remember, but later found the city firm changed its name, or a good thing. this really small and medium banks and at a new development environment, and above all, small and medium sized banks that would like to point some of my general understanding. medium SME Bank is the banking industry, because With its presence, making the entire banking sector more flexible, more flexibility, we speak of China's private enterprises, since their development, only to China's entire economic system more flexible. At the same time, small and medium banks in the banking system as a whole also play a role in this, the role is very great.
addition, from the small and medium banks, especially city commercial banks in the process of development, we should say is a very difficult process, we know that when China's large state-owned banks are with the help of the State, of course, President Yang just too big to fail also mentioned the problem in China is not only too big to fail, a large order to obtain review of the government more resources. I went to a City firm of view, how each bank increase their investment, how attractive to invest, how indigestion loans are racking their brains, it should be said entirely on their own efforts, it is very difficult for one thing, it should be said that the development of this situation today, I think is quite encouraging. President Young also introduced earlier, the total assets of urban commercial banks accounted for seven percent of the entire banking industry a few, from the proportion of assets does not seem too high, but we also note that firms in the City about the overall loans for more than a third of the loans put into the small and medium enterprises, in which one-third invested in loans to SMEs, but also half of the loans are invested in small micro-enterprises, so this contribution to the economy is very large.
the operation of city commercial I saw the figures of 2009, probably the whole city commercial non-performing loan rate is around 1.5% is very low, while its capital adequacy rate is 12.96%, provision into coverage more than 1.8%, the overall operation of city commercial should say that the business is still very strong point of view, from a variety of indicators. really now on the future development of businesses in the city, including other small and medium banks, because there are some rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks are also considered, and now proposed to be differentiated, characteristic of the development, the pursuit of differentiation, characteristic of the way, if you look closely will find that City firms are already beginning to emerge is strong differentiation, like Bank of Beijing and other joint-stock banks not too bad, and there are a number of city commercial banks operating mainly in the region, showing a stronger regional characteristics. There are a number of City firms in the professional financial services, professional financial products is better done. In my view, we saw some of the surface has been presented to differentiate, if we talk about the future development of city commercial banks, should continue to reflect the character, differences in the development of roads, or to find the core competitiveness. including Young President, I also agree about the outside world may have a set of evaluation criteria banks, people will look outside the bank may come towards the bank is not the direction of large-scale, because in the eyes of the people, the banks will be high visibility of larger scale, the money in here to ease my heart, there may be such an evaluation. but the bank is a professional organization and its core is also not many people outside evaluation, this is important, but because you are a professional organization, is to pass to get your core competencies higher than other similar institutions the ability of reputation, you should dry the thing is the thing . If we stand up to this problem on this basis, the firm no matter which direction the city go towards the joint-stock commercial bank to go Ye Hao, Ye Hao toward the direction of community banks, provide more professional services towards the direction to go Ye Hao The key to find your core competencies. moving in this road, you're also in this road than the other banks have more ways to more products and better mode of operation, so you can went to the front, and if so, I think it should be possible.
course, if the firm about the city, and we look through the observation, at least it is compared with other banking institutions has its advantages, from the advantage point of view, I personally think that first of it as a separate legal entity, its business decision-making chain is relatively short, unlike other state-owned banks, making the chain to go through to get to the conduction forty-five operators, and city commercial decision-making chain is very short In operating in the region does have a strong competitive edge. The second advantage is its geographical advantage is obvious, more abundant sources of funding, the visibility in the region is very high, service is also welcomed by the public. The third advantage is and broad network coverage, relatively high penetration. Of course with this advantage after its ability to access information over relatively strong, what is the excess of information? is soft information. because large state-owned banks are also facing choices in the future as the financial industry disintermediation growing, in terms of the big banks are also facing upward, or walk down the choice to go, when your major customers continue to reduce the time, the first is to go towards the trading business, trading towards the financial the direction of derivatives, which is out of the financial crisis is important. Now it seems, as we city commercial network in the region is very high penetration rate, with the customer, very close relationship between the public, so the access to soft information indeed a stronger ability. So it is small and medium enterprises, to provide the public service compared with other financial institutions do have a very big advantage. Through our analysis, I want to say big City firms want to do regardless of future Ye Hao, Ye Hao want strong, other things can be in the range of your ability to do, but the underlying fundamentals are not lost, that is very important to your business advantage is not lost.
We also noted that, because City firm to do a very large number of small customers, as academics we should call, from the national bank operating in the external environment, should give the city a better tax environment for businesses and the regulatory environment, I personally think it is this necessary to mention. First, we note that China Banking Regulatory Commission this year, including the central bank credit growth to the China Banking Regulatory Commission set about 7.5 trillion, an increase of 17% -18%, give us the growth rate of city commercial setting than the other two types of state-owned banks and joint-stock Bank High, the city's future lending firms can increment 20% higher than in several other institutions, the regulatory body to the extent permitted stronger than other banks. this view the future of city commercial loan growth will be higher, so that from a regulatory point of view should City, the capital adequacy of the management firm has a flexible approach. Why do we say to the city commercial high? because the city commercial on the local development, especially SMEs, their contribution in this respect more, with this is relations. appropriate, in regulation, for example, the threshold in the capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy calculations, its risk weighted assets, I believe it is appropriate to have some more flexible policies. Secondly, from a tax point of view, the behavior of city business services for SMEs, and SME loan risk is clearly higher, for example, the banking sector is now 15% of revenue sales tax, income tax 25%, Can be classified according to the business, such as SME loans under amount to a separate calculation to reduce the number of business tax, lower business tax, the income tax rate can be reduced, I think that we should be leading the government and relevant departments of the appeal because, after all, from the future perspective of the development, SME development is the Chinese economy more important.
final say is that for the future development of city commercial point of view there are two more important aspects, one is to further optimize the corporate governance structure, or internal management, the system construction, this is indeed very important. because in China more than I go to the bank, there is a deep feeling of the most difficult when the Chinese bankers, some people do not bankers said China, you can say no bankers because the bankers though China Official and business, on the one hand, including state-owned banks, president, chairman of the board are from the local government, appointed by the government, in this case to keep your official post, to be in your position can be done down First, and the Government Relations Department was very good. On the other hand, they have to put banks do a good job, how innovation and development of products, this analysis is very important. I have heard Dr. Wang Jun's speech, I think he has a point of view, as a banker, must make the decision basically to deal with your official positions of the factors, along with their lowest cost down, make sure you dry in this position, and then to focus more on how to develop business innovation , in China can do is the best banker. I said the most difficult when China's bankers is because of this, Western bankers are very simple, as long as the complex for shareholders to create return on it, but China targets multiple technology, but how in the wide range of goals and well balanced offense, the parameters of each target in China is not quite the same, may be engaged in a good bank and bad bank management is most important is not the same as in the parameters. So more effort is still on the banks, the improvement of corporate governance, and this is even more important.
City firm on the other hand is more important in terms of system construction, such as IT building, for example, today I told smaller national shareholding banks, a bank, a major shareholder with their meal, they also made a bank card, but only made a number of debit cards, why not open card or push this push does not go up? Or is this hardware support, system construction has not kept up. I think, IT or system construction firm does, indeed, the city restrict the development of a short board, also need to have input. As far as I know, the vast majority of city commercial banks have made a bank card, but now I am afraid that the bank card network just to do with the nature of the use of CUP, but in credit card issuance, customer credit management, hardware, or in a support system is now generally weak state of the construction of this piece I feel that the future development of city commercial banks is also very important.
Guo Tian Yong: just listening to Wang Jun said, I feel very deeply. I also reflect on a problem, I just talk about small and medium banks, including the tax issue, because the small Banks are more risk is relatively large, we mentioned the view that some tax subsidies to small and medium banks might make it on the support of SMEs in the future be more helpful, I think he did very reasonable.
in financial crisis, central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said some time ago now that the market for so many years, started from the eighties, said that for twenty years, and now the market is far from being achieved. We are now in the direction of financial reform , we should say the situation in a certain market, we raised this point again is even more convinced of that. the financial crisis, we say that the West is too market-oriented interest rates, banks too much competition, so in some businesses make less than money, so we began to engage in financial derivatives, resulting in a financial crisis. On the other hand, how to maintain the stability of the financial industry? the subtext had to let the banks can make money, and if the resulting large area of the China Banking problems that may impact on China's financial loans is relatively large.
premise of such an official after the financial crisis, we are summing up the lessons of the financial crisis, as if the interest rate can not be completely liberalized, the market can not technology, which is to maintain financial stability as a future condition, the trend now. Since in such an environment, small banks, large banks, all banks are operating on this platform, the state and hope that our small and medium sized banks to more small and medium enterprises to put their money, put into the farmers, put into the comparison-based industries mentally. big banks was a and large banks, but also requires us to put money into such areas go, I personally feel that in this macro context that we make certain tax concessions or request, or has its rationality. After all, from the national point of view In order to maintain financial stability, it does not advocate to promote the interest rate market is probably such a basic point. Of course, this is the status of China's banking sector, China's a lot of things, we talk about banking as a real economic agents, but also to some constraints, the Chinese always have a certain constraint.
then again I say a few differences to the issue. differentiated from business or from the homogenization of the point of view, if we go to the pursuit of commercial banks , to base large, we generally call this homogenization, if SMEs are to serve, say, like your customers do not have the services for SMEs, which is not also called homogeneity? I think this can not be called homogenization. If all services for SMEs, although on the surface are the same customers, but I think this is precisely the kind of difference. I would like to explain the homogenization of us to pursue large than the pursuit of large enterprises, where lending instruments loan tools are the same. I worked at years ago in a securities at that time I did not know what investment banking, investment banking is going every day, public relations, asked people to drink, this is called investment bank, because it is the main purpose the project is won, as prices do not even think what you can as long as the public relations on the line, this time to go all the brokerage firms are homogeneous, who can find a local officer, and can get our hands on the project is good. because China's stock market, a very large secondary market spread, as long as you can win the project, it is easy to release, you can make money. until now we look at foreign banks, I am afraid to take the project is not easy, why can get the project, the most important to have a customer base behind, and you have a relatively high pricing power, I am afraid this is the focus of competition.
returning to the banking example, large companies get big clients, the loan is very simple manner, and operating small and medium enterprises is indeed very strong to be differentiated, because the characteristics of SMEs in different regions vary, everyone in the City firm, I have heard of a situation, do not say which areas there is a area in Zhejiang City firm, in the local business was very good, but a cross-regional offices located on the bad, some non-performing loans. here's your long-term customer base operations here, the more information available, so you can do, go out After not be able to operate well. Therefore, SMEs should be reflected in the difference between customers of the range, to sort out such a concept. If you really want to do small and medium enterprises, it must adopt a more professional, more refinement mode of operation can be done. As the case in China, we are in the market, commercial banks do, you do small and medium businesses in the city is very large, the cost of investment is relatively large, compared to other large state-owned banks, relative to other large financial institutions, your piece of the operating costs will be higher, your risk will be even greater. of course, from the static point of view, requires the State to give more compensation, I think it has its rationality.
Finally, foreign banks into China from this point of view a few years, Citibank, HSBC bank entry into China before, in our mind is an outsize, and their popularity than the visibility of the Bank of China is even larger However, after entering the Chinese market share but smaller, decline in market share but, Why does this happen? banks of light that is a brand, we heard of this name is very familiar with, very friendly, if not also You can capture the market, the fundamental condition for access to customers, because when you specifically to do business, like playing cards as a license for one checkout, I made a client, put some loans, in order to make money. you known large enough to make you to easily access the market a lot of customers because every business, every product is about to be one stroke, one stroke to do. Conversely, including city commercial bank, you have listed, they began to set up inter-regional operators, the scale becomes extremely large, you might think that my business is not there a reaction is very large, because my brand Well, I think, not necessarily, the key core competencies should be real, real to the customer service when you can make customers feel more than any other bank services capabilities, this is what your core. In fact, big brands, Of course, you must start small combination of service capabilities, which have a time when the value of the brand.
back today's theme, and Dr. Wang Jun together last year I had a very in-depth discussion, I remember that last year Dr. Wang Jun firms presented on the city renamed the thing, I remember, but later found the city firm changed its name, or a good thing. this really small and medium banks and at a new development environment, and above all, small and medium sized banks that would like to point some of my general understanding. medium SME Bank is the banking industry, because With its presence, making the entire banking sector more flexible, more flexibility, we speak of China's private enterprises, since their development, only to China's entire economic system more flexible. At the same time, small and medium banks in the banking system as a whole also play a role in this, the role is very great.
addition, from the small and medium banks, especially city commercial banks in the process of development, we should say is a very difficult process, we know that when China's large state-owned banks are with the help of the State, of course, President Yang just too big to fail also mentioned the problem in China is not only too big to fail, a large order to obtain review of the government more resources. I went to a City firm of view, how each bank increase their investment, how attractive to invest, how indigestion loans are racking their brains, it should be said entirely on their own efforts, it is very difficult for one thing, it should be said that the development of this situation today, I think is quite encouraging. President Young also introduced earlier, the total assets of urban commercial banks accounted for seven percent of the entire banking industry a few, from the proportion of assets does not seem too high, but we also note that firms in the City about the overall loans for more than a third of the loans put into the small and medium enterprises, in which one-third invested in loans to SMEs, but also half of the loans are invested in small micro-enterprises, so this contribution to the economy is very large.
the operation of city commercial I saw the figures of 2009, probably the whole city commercial non-performing loan rate is around 1.5% is very low, while its capital adequacy rate is 12.96%, provision into coverage more than 1.8%, the overall operation of city commercial should say that the business is still very strong point of view, from a variety of indicators. really now on the future development of businesses in the city, including other small and medium banks, because there are some rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks are also considered, and now proposed to be differentiated, characteristic of the development, the pursuit of differentiation, characteristic of the way, if you look closely will find that City firms are already beginning to emerge is strong differentiation, like Bank of Beijing and other joint-stock banks not too bad, and there are a number of city commercial banks operating mainly in the region, showing a stronger regional characteristics. There are a number of City firms in the professional financial services, professional financial products is better done. In my view, we saw some of the surface has been presented to differentiate, if we talk about the future development of city commercial banks, should continue to reflect the character, differences in the development of roads, or to find the core competitiveness. including Young President, I also agree about the outside world may have a set of evaluation criteria banks, people will look outside the bank may come towards the bank is not the direction of large-scale, because in the eyes of the people, the banks will be high visibility of larger scale, the money in here to ease my heart, there may be such an evaluation. but the bank is a professional organization and its core is also not many people outside evaluation, this is important, but because you are a professional organization, is to pass to get your core competencies higher than other similar institutions the ability of reputation, you should dry the thing is the thing . If we stand up to this problem on this basis, the firm no matter which direction the city go towards the joint-stock commercial bank to go Ye Hao, Ye Hao toward the direction of community banks, provide more professional services towards the direction to go Ye Hao The key to find your core competencies. moving in this road, you're also in this road than the other banks have more ways to more products and better mode of operation, so you can went to the front, and if so, I think it should be possible.
course, if the firm about the city, and we look through the observation, at least it is compared with other banking institutions has its advantages, from the advantage point of view, I personally think that first of it as a separate legal entity, its business decision-making chain is relatively short, unlike other state-owned banks, making the chain to go through to get to the conduction forty-five operators, and city commercial decision-making chain is very short In operating in the region does have a strong competitive edge. The second advantage is its geographical advantage is obvious, more abundant sources of funding, the visibility in the region is very high, service is also welcomed by the public. The third advantage is and broad network coverage, relatively high penetration. Of course with this advantage after its ability to access information over relatively strong, what is the excess of information? is soft information. because large state-owned banks are also facing choices in the future as the financial industry disintermediation growing, in terms of the big banks are also facing upward, or walk down the choice to go, when your major customers continue to reduce the time, the first is to go towards the trading business, trading towards the financial the direction of derivatives, which is out of the financial crisis is important. Now it seems, as we city commercial network in the region is very high penetration rate, with the customer, very close relationship between the public, so the access to soft information indeed a stronger ability. So it is small and medium enterprises, to provide the public service compared with other financial institutions do have a very big advantage. Through our analysis, I want to say big City firms want to do regardless of future Ye Hao, Ye Hao want strong, other things can be in the range of your ability to do, but the underlying fundamentals are not lost, that is very important to your business advantage is not lost.
We also noted that, because City firm to do a very large number of small customers, as academics we should call, from the national bank operating in the external environment, should give the city a better tax environment for businesses and the regulatory environment, I personally think it is this necessary to mention. First, we note that China Banking Regulatory Commission this year, including the central bank credit growth to the China Banking Regulatory Commission set about 7.5 trillion, an increase of 17% -18%, give us the growth rate of city commercial setting than the other two types of state-owned banks and joint-stock Bank High, the city's future lending firms can increment 20% higher than in several other institutions, the regulatory body to the extent permitted stronger than other banks. this view the future of city commercial loan growth will be higher, so that from a regulatory point of view should City, the capital adequacy of the management firm has a flexible approach. Why do we say to the city commercial high? because the city commercial on the local development, especially SMEs, their contribution in this respect more, with this is relations. appropriate, in regulation, for example, the threshold in the capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy calculations, its risk weighted assets, I believe it is appropriate to have some more flexible policies. Secondly, from a tax point of view, the behavior of city business services for SMEs, and SME loan risk is clearly higher, for example, the banking sector is now 15% of revenue sales tax, income tax 25%, Can be classified according to the business, such as SME loans under amount to a separate calculation to reduce the number of business tax, lower business tax, the income tax rate can be reduced, I think that we should be leading the government and relevant departments of the appeal because, after all, from the future perspective of the development, SME development is the Chinese economy more important.
final say is that for the future development of city commercial point of view there are two more important aspects, one is to further optimize the corporate governance structure, or internal management, the system construction, this is indeed very important. because in China more than I go to the bank, there is a deep feeling of the most difficult when the Chinese bankers, some people do not bankers said China, you can say no bankers because the bankers though China Official and business, on the one hand, including state-owned banks, president, chairman of the board are from the local government, appointed by the government, in this case to keep your official post, to be in your position can be done down First, and the Government Relations Department was very good. On the other hand, they have to put banks do a good job, how innovation and development of products, this analysis is very important. I have heard Dr. Wang Jun's speech, I think he has a point of view, as a banker, must make the decision basically to deal with your official positions of the factors, along with their lowest cost down, make sure you dry in this position, and then to focus more on how to develop business innovation , in China can do is the best banker. I said the most difficult when China's bankers is because of this, Western bankers are very simple, as long as the complex for shareholders to create return on it, but China targets multiple technology, but how in the wide range of goals and well balanced offense, the parameters of each target in China is not quite the same, may be engaged in a good bank and bad bank management is most important is not the same as in the parameters. So more effort is still on the banks, the improvement of corporate governance, and this is even more important.
City firm on the other hand is more important in terms of system construction, such as IT building, for example, today I told smaller national shareholding banks, a bank, a major shareholder with their meal, they also made a bank card, but only made a number of debit cards, why not open card or push this push does not go up? Or is this hardware support, system construction has not kept up. I think, IT or system construction firm does, indeed, the city restrict the development of a short board, also need to have input. As far as I know, the vast majority of city commercial banks have made a bank card, but now I am afraid that the bank card network just to do with the nature of the use of CUP, but in credit card issuance, customer credit management, hardware, or in a support system is now generally weak state of the construction of this piece I feel that the future development of city commercial banks is also very important.
Guo Tian Yong: just listening to Wang Jun said, I feel very deeply. I also reflect on a problem, I just talk about small and medium banks, including the tax issue, because the small Banks are more risk is relatively large, we mentioned the view that some tax subsidies to small and medium banks might make it on the support of SMEs in the future be more helpful, I think he did very reasonable.
in financial crisis, central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said some time ago now that the market for so many years, started from the eighties, said that for twenty years, and now the market is far from being achieved. We are now in the direction of financial reform , we should say the situation in a certain market, we raised this point again is even more convinced of that. the financial crisis, we say that the West is too market-oriented interest rates, banks too much competition, so in some businesses make less than money, so we began to engage in financial derivatives, resulting in a financial crisis. On the other hand, how to maintain the stability of the financial industry? the subtext had to let the banks can make money, and if the resulting large area of the China Banking problems that may impact on China's financial loans is relatively large.
premise of such an official after the financial crisis, we are summing up the lessons of the financial crisis, as if the interest rate can not be completely liberalized, the market can not technology, which is to maintain financial stability as a future condition, the trend now. Since in such an environment, small banks, large banks, all banks are operating on this platform, the state and hope that our small and medium sized banks to more small and medium enterprises to put their money, put into the farmers, put into the comparison-based industries mentally. big banks was a and large banks, but also requires us to put money into such areas go, I personally feel that in this macro context that we make certain tax concessions or request, or has its rationality. After all, from the national point of view In order to maintain financial stability, it does not advocate to promote the interest rate market is probably such a basic point. Of course, this is the status of China's banking sector, China's a lot of things, we talk about banking as a real economic agents, but also to some constraints, the Chinese always have a certain constraint.
then again I say a few differences to the issue. differentiated from business or from the homogenization of the point of view, if we go to the pursuit of commercial banks , to base large, we generally call this homogenization, if SMEs are to serve, say, like your customers do not have the services for SMEs, which is not also called homogeneity? I think this can not be called homogenization. If all services for SMEs, although on the surface are the same customers, but I think this is precisely the kind of difference. I would like to explain the homogenization of us to pursue large than the pursuit of large enterprises, where lending instruments loan tools are the same. I worked at years ago in a securities at that time I did not know what investment banking, investment banking is going every day, public relations, asked people to drink, this is called investment bank, because it is the main purpose the project is won, as prices do not even think what you can as long as the public relations on the line, this time to go all the brokerage firms are homogeneous, who can find a local officer, and can get our hands on the project is good. because China's stock market, a very large secondary market spread, as long as you can win the project, it is easy to release, you can make money. until now we look at foreign banks, I am afraid to take the project is not easy, why can get the project, the most important to have a customer base behind, and you have a relatively high pricing power, I am afraid this is the focus of competition.
returning to the banking example, large companies get big clients, the loan is very simple manner, and operating small and medium enterprises is indeed very strong to be differentiated, because the characteristics of SMEs in different regions vary, everyone in the City firm, I have heard of a situation, do not say which areas there is a area in Zhejiang City firm, in the local business was very good, but a cross-regional offices located on the bad, some non-performing loans. here's your long-term customer base operations here, the more information available, so you can do, go out After not be able to operate well. Therefore, SMEs should be reflected in the difference between customers of the range, to sort out such a concept. If you really want to do small and medium enterprises, it must adopt a more professional, more refinement mode of operation can be done. As the case in China, we are in the market, commercial banks do, you do small and medium businesses in the city is very large, the cost of investment is relatively large, compared to other large state-owned banks, relative to other large financial institutions, your piece of the operating costs will be higher, your risk will be even greater. of course, from the static point of view, requires the State to give more compensation, I think it has its rationality.
Finally, foreign banks into China from this point of view a few years, Citibank, HSBC bank entry into China before, in our mind is an outsize, and their popularity than the visibility of the Bank of China is even larger However, after entering the Chinese market share but smaller, decline in market share but, Why does this happen? banks of light that is a brand, we heard of this name is very familiar with, very friendly, if not also You can capture the market, the fundamental condition for access to customers, because when you specifically to do business, like playing cards as a license for one checkout, I made a client, put some loans, in order to make money. you known large enough to make you to easily access the market a lot of customers because every business, every product is about to be one stroke, one stroke to do. Conversely, including city commercial bank, you have listed, they began to set up inter-regional operators, the scale becomes extremely large, you might think that my business is not there a reaction is very large, because my brand Well, I think, not necessarily, the key core competencies should be real, real to the customer service when you can make customers feel more than any other bank services capabilities, this is what your core. In fact, big brands, Of course, you must start small combination of service capabilities, which have a time when the value of the brand.
Sunday, December 26, 2010
The greatest French soccer legend Michel Platini generation superstar
French football really began in the 20th century, a brilliant 80 to Platini generation stars formed as the representative of the French team invincible, just like then, like Napoleon's expedition, all-conquering. This generation of players, the French talent, the late 20th century, the French won the World Cup, was the European Cup, overwhelming .2003, , Fontaine is fifth.
Serie A master
1955 年 6 21, Michel - Michel Platini of France Lorraine was born in an ordinary family. Michel Platini's football career much more than most players to be flat, when he was young boy on the team in Nancy received formal and systematic training, physical fitness and skills have made great strides .17 ascend Nancy Michel Platini at the age of one team, became the youngest pro team in May Platini .1979 100 million francs worth of long-term move to dominate the French club St Etienne football. Here, truly grow into a Platini star, he playmaker and striker who is also the two major responsibilities, the biggest is that he never called any of the ball, he reads the game unique and superior technology quickly this time of the French conquest of the wealthy, but also conquered the then the whole of France. the authority of the French football Bart praised the author said: He can be creative, trying to score goals. Although not look outside look, but he is a artist on the pitch. Nigeria move to Juventus in Italy, with Juventus at the time Rossi, Zoff, Boniek, and many other world class players, those players in the field is the command of Michel Platini. to Italy the first year, Michel Platini was elected the best player .1983-1984 Serie A season, Michel Platini in the Italian Serie A into 23 balls, helping Juventus won the national championship. in access after the Serie A champions , where Juventus Platini attended a European Champions Cup, and singing all the way into the finals. However, the May 29, 1985, Platini has experienced a nightmare day in the Champions League with Liverpool shocked the world finals staged can not cheer up, he said: cup, in that game, there have been most proud of in life Platini kick shot, when he was in the other two guards in the attack, provoking the ball with his right foot, then the body lying in the air with the left foot the ball into the goal, but unfortunately the referee finds that the ball is not valid. this game, Argentina defeated Juventus youth team, winning the first Toyota Cup team for Europe, Michel Platini was named the best spot players.
the core of France Michel Platini regrets U.S.
life easy, fame and fortune. but he also has his own regrets, participated in three World Cup trophy was not even once. Since 1976, the Italian descent Platini has set off .1978 72 years representative of the national team was his first time as the French national team players of a team to go to Argentina to participate in the Eleventh World Cup. Although Michel Platini in the champion Argentina against this attack tablets into his first World Cup goal, but because of the level of the French team was not very neat, they stop at the first stage of the final group match.
1982 the twelfth World Cup held in Spain, the S & P Latini has been a central pillar of the French team. then he stands 1.79 m, weight 73 kg, mature technology, your feet and delicate, both offensive go-between organizations, but also single-handedly shoot with great precision to attend the meeting. He closed around the activities in each other's who do not dare to take it lightly, like a bomb would explode at any time, give each other a fatal blow. his mind quick, move fast, and Ji Leise with teammate Jean Tigana's midfield together make up the famous Megatron Quartet. In the semifinals, they faced West Germany. In the case of a goal behind, Michel Platini and his teammates were not rash, the success of the match. overtime unexpectedly exciting, France But first, scored twice for the Germans to pull the score 3-3, a penalty shoot the ball when the French team to the difference between a lost and eventually made the fourth.
1986 World Cup in Mexico before the game, 31-year-old Pu Latini number of occurrences in the media players are more than any other, people called him Canada wins 1-0, then the Soviet Union to 1-1, then won 3-0 in Hungary to enter the semi-finals. Although the French team out of the last Italian team to face Brazil then, in this thrilling game, Pula Platini in the French team a goal behind to outflank the shot to tie the game. In the end the first penalty shootout he was mysteriously shot the ball fly, and good teammates showed good psychological quality, and ultimately kill the powerful opponents point out. semifinals downturn in the French state, once again defeated West Germany in the foot, eventually won the third 4-2 victory over Belgium. Michel Platini's World Cup adventure came to an end.
Although not able to lead France team won the World Cup, but Platini has climbed the summit of Europe In 1984 European Championship, the French team under the leadership of Rick in his pack, to record victory won. as the core of the S & P team Latini he scored in five games in a record nine goals, was the French affectionately known as Spain break free kick the door to help the French team clinch Delaunay Cup, which is also the history of France's first World Series title. can be said that Michel Platini's French team has created history. In recognition of this Bit football star, 1985 French President Francois Mitterrand personally and shook hands with Michel Platini, and receive the next highest award in France for athletes mm Nigeria to participate in the last year the Italian Serie A match to end his football career as a farewell. In his 15-year football career, Michel Platini, a total of 649 entries field, scoring 353. fans have played a variety of banners to greet him, some read, Latini retired, both Juventus and the French team was in trouble because they found that no one can replace the position of Michel Platini.
Platini after hanging up his boots once the main energy used in the business above, he proved with his own limbs, not the kind of football players who developed simple-minded. In addition, Michel Platini, the French also had worked as a coach. But the most impressive Platini, or France's World Cup. With his own master image of Platini as the 1998 World Cup Co-Chairman of the organizing committee for the successful World Cup held in France to make a contribution. in France during the World Cup Another 席费尔南德 - Sha Site tragic death, which tears the scene Platini touched the world.
in Michel Platini before the French team is still an extraordinary team, is the general Latini for the French team won the first championship (Euro 1984) In 1998, when Zinedine Zidane and his teammates hold high the World Cup, when Platini really appreciate the excel the predecessors of truth. However, the French will not forget Michel Platini, he created the history of French football.
Michel Platini's football career
Club:
1966-1972: excellent brush (AS Joeuf)
1972-1979: Nanxiluolin (AS Nancy-Lorraine)
1979-1982: Saint-Etienne (AS Saint-Etienne)
1982-1987: Juventus (Juventus)
Club Honours:
1978 FA Cup winner in France (Nancy, France Club);
1979 French League Champion (Club Saint-Etienne, France);
1981 French League Cup winner (France St. Elle Club);
1983 FA Cup winner in Italy (Juventus, Italy);
1984,1986 Champions League in Italy (Juventus, Italy);
1984 winning in Europe who Cup (Juventus, Italy);
1985 European Super Cup (Juventus, Italy);
1985 European Champions Cup (Juventus, Italy);
1985 年Toyota Cup (Juventus, Italy);
International Honor
1978 World Cup in Argentina in Spain in the first round of
1982 fourth
1984 World Cup in France in European Championship
Intercontinental Cup 1985 National
1986 World Cup in Mexico the third
72 games, 41 goals, 49 captain, top scorer in the French record
personal honor:
1977,1980,1981 by the French Player of the Year title;
1977 was awarded the European Player of the copper core Prize (br> 1983,1985, Italy was awarded the best player title;
1983,1984,1985 was awarded the European Golden Ball (top scorer (Juventus, Italy);
1984 European Championship was awarded the best player, top scorer title;
1984 was awarded one of France Top Ten Athletes;
1985, won the highest honor in France The Knight of the Order, and named him as the highest honor the French
Serie A master
1955 年 6 21, Michel - Michel Platini of France Lorraine was born in an ordinary family. Michel Platini's football career much more than most players to be flat, when he was young boy on the team in Nancy received formal and systematic training, physical fitness and skills have made great strides .17 ascend Nancy Michel Platini at the age of one team, became the youngest pro team in May Platini .1979 100 million francs worth of long-term move to dominate the French club St Etienne football. Here, truly grow into a Platini star, he playmaker and striker who is also the two major responsibilities, the biggest is that he never called any of the ball, he reads the game unique and superior technology quickly this time of the French conquest of the wealthy, but also conquered the then the whole of France. the authority of the French football Bart praised the author said: He can be creative, trying to score goals. Although not look outside look, but he is a artist on the pitch. Nigeria move to Juventus in Italy, with Juventus at the time Rossi, Zoff, Boniek, and many other world class players, those players in the field is the command of Michel Platini. to Italy the first year, Michel Platini was elected the best player .1983-1984 Serie A season, Michel Platini in the Italian Serie A into 23 balls, helping Juventus won the national championship. in access after the Serie A champions , where Juventus Platini attended a European Champions Cup, and singing all the way into the finals. However, the May 29, 1985, Platini has experienced a nightmare day in the Champions League with Liverpool shocked the world finals staged can not cheer up, he said: cup, in that game, there have been most proud of in life Platini kick shot, when he was in the other two guards in the attack, provoking the ball with his right foot, then the body lying in the air with the left foot the ball into the goal, but unfortunately the referee finds that the ball is not valid. this game, Argentina defeated Juventus youth team, winning the first Toyota Cup team for Europe, Michel Platini was named the best spot players.
the core of France Michel Platini regrets U.S.
life easy, fame and fortune. but he also has his own regrets, participated in three World Cup trophy was not even once. Since 1976, the Italian descent Platini has set off .1978 72 years representative of the national team was his first time as the French national team players of a team to go to Argentina to participate in the Eleventh World Cup. Although Michel Platini in the champion Argentina against this attack tablets into his first World Cup goal, but because of the level of the French team was not very neat, they stop at the first stage of the final group match.
1982 the twelfth World Cup held in Spain, the S & P Latini has been a central pillar of the French team. then he stands 1.79 m, weight 73 kg, mature technology, your feet and delicate, both offensive go-between organizations, but also single-handedly shoot with great precision to attend the meeting. He closed around the activities in each other's who do not dare to take it lightly, like a bomb would explode at any time, give each other a fatal blow. his mind quick, move fast, and Ji Leise with teammate Jean Tigana's midfield together make up the famous Megatron Quartet. In the semifinals, they faced West Germany. In the case of a goal behind, Michel Platini and his teammates were not rash, the success of the match. overtime unexpectedly exciting, France But first, scored twice for the Germans to pull the score 3-3, a penalty shoot the ball when the French team to the difference between a lost and eventually made the fourth.
1986 World Cup in Mexico before the game, 31-year-old Pu Latini number of occurrences in the media players are more than any other, people called him Canada wins 1-0, then the Soviet Union to 1-1, then won 3-0 in Hungary to enter the semi-finals. Although the French team out of the last Italian team to face Brazil then, in this thrilling game, Pula Platini in the French team a goal behind to outflank the shot to tie the game. In the end the first penalty shootout he was mysteriously shot the ball fly, and good teammates showed good psychological quality, and ultimately kill the powerful opponents point out. semifinals downturn in the French state, once again defeated West Germany in the foot, eventually won the third 4-2 victory over Belgium. Michel Platini's World Cup adventure came to an end.
Although not able to lead France team won the World Cup, but Platini has climbed the summit of Europe In 1984 European Championship, the French team under the leadership of Rick in his pack, to record victory won. as the core of the S & P team Latini he scored in five games in a record nine goals, was the French affectionately known as Spain break free kick the door to help the French team clinch Delaunay Cup, which is also the history of France's first World Series title. can be said that Michel Platini's French team has created history. In recognition of this Bit football star, 1985 French President Francois Mitterrand personally and shook hands with Michel Platini, and receive the next highest award in France for athletes mm Nigeria to participate in the last year the Italian Serie A match to end his football career as a farewell. In his 15-year football career, Michel Platini, a total of 649 entries field, scoring 353. fans have played a variety of banners to greet him, some read, Latini retired, both Juventus and the French team was in trouble because they found that no one can replace the position of Michel Platini.
Platini after hanging up his boots once the main energy used in the business above, he proved with his own limbs, not the kind of football players who developed simple-minded. In addition, Michel Platini, the French also had worked as a coach. But the most impressive Platini, or France's World Cup. With his own master image of Platini as the 1998 World Cup Co-Chairman of the organizing committee for the successful World Cup held in France to make a contribution. in France during the World Cup Another 席费尔南德 - Sha Site tragic death, which tears the scene Platini touched the world.
in Michel Platini before the French team is still an extraordinary team, is the general Latini for the French team won the first championship (Euro 1984) In 1998, when Zinedine Zidane and his teammates hold high the World Cup, when Platini really appreciate the excel the predecessors of truth. However, the French will not forget Michel Platini, he created the history of French football.
Michel Platini's football career
Club:
1966-1972: excellent brush (AS Joeuf)
1972-1979: Nanxiluolin (AS Nancy-Lorraine)
1979-1982: Saint-Etienne (AS Saint-Etienne)
1982-1987: Juventus (Juventus)
Club Honours:
1978 FA Cup winner in France (Nancy, France Club);
1979 French League Champion (Club Saint-Etienne, France);
1981 French League Cup winner (France St. Elle Club);
1983 FA Cup winner in Italy (Juventus, Italy);
1984,1986 Champions League in Italy (Juventus, Italy);
1984 winning in Europe who Cup (Juventus, Italy);
1985 European Super Cup (Juventus, Italy);
1985 European Champions Cup (Juventus, Italy);
1985 年Toyota Cup (Juventus, Italy);
International Honor
1978 World Cup in Argentina in Spain in the first round of
1982 fourth
1984 World Cup in France in European Championship
Intercontinental Cup 1985 National
1986 World Cup in Mexico the third
72 games, 41 goals, 49 captain, top scorer in the French record
personal honor:
1977,1980,1981 by the French Player of the Year title;
1977 was awarded the European Player of the copper core Prize (br> 1983,1985, Italy was awarded the best player title;
1983,1984,1985 was awarded the European Golden Ball (top scorer (Juventus, Italy);
1984 European Championship was awarded the best player, top scorer title;
1984 was awarded one of France Top Ten Athletes;
1985, won the highest honor in France The Knight of the Order, and named him as the highest honor the French
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Olympic Story (4) tennis goddess bare their legs
Tennis goddess bare their legs
her handsome beautiful face, her handsome charming temperament, she has a dazzling record, she is French tennis player Suzanne. Langge Lang.
1899 years 5 24 May, Susan. Langge Lang was born in Paris, France, a bus home owner car. She received a good education from childhood, the elite schools, or a member of Ballet. long ballet training as Lang Gelang elegant, charming laid the foundation for the position. Her father Charles was an avid tennis fan, but for various reasons, he did not become a tennis player. To make up for their regret that he put all hopes on her daughter. Every day after school , Lang Gelang practice with his father to be tennis. his father's training is very tough, sometimes almost harsh, an action done, my father often asked her to redo dozens of times. It is the father of her daughter, \; the devil training, achievement of 20 years one of the 20th century, the \Open the first time to participate in the Lang Gelang formal, beginning in the race to become the focus of audience and people talked about topic. early tennis, female athletes have a \petticoat and hat. \to cope with the resulting air flow resistance, have always careful not to drop a hat or scarf.
1919 Susan Wimbledon tennis arena. Langge Lang's appearance really changed this funny dress . she made a long sleeve to short sleeve, and with a loose leg exposed pleated skirts and knee stockings, the women's tennis has brought a fresh wind. win media classic remark: \Battle of the bare legs. \. Chambers won hands.
1920, at the Antwerp Olympics, Lang Gelang WTA won gold medals in all 10 games, she lost only four Board; her compatriot Marcus. Dekujisi partner won the mixed doubles second gold medal; and Elizabeth. partner won the doubles bronze medal Dayan.
from 1919 to 1923, Lang Gelang won Wimbledon 5 consecutive years champion, winning again in 1926; her participation in a major tournament 9 times, won 8 titles: from 1919 to 1926, she won a total of 21 Grand Slam singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles: 81 matches won championship, in which seven events, creating a Bureau of continuous fighting record is not lost. Langge Lang became the first into the professional tennis competition in the history of tennis stars.
1938 years, because of the tennis goddess sepsis patients died at age 39. to commemorate the legendary French heroine, with \tennis match \
her handsome beautiful face, her handsome charming temperament, she has a dazzling record, she is French tennis player Suzanne. Langge Lang.
1899 years 5 24 May, Susan. Langge Lang was born in Paris, France, a bus home owner car. She received a good education from childhood, the elite schools, or a member of Ballet. long ballet training as Lang Gelang elegant, charming laid the foundation for the position. Her father Charles was an avid tennis fan, but for various reasons, he did not become a tennis player. To make up for their regret that he put all hopes on her daughter. Every day after school , Lang Gelang practice with his father to be tennis. his father's training is very tough, sometimes almost harsh, an action done, my father often asked her to redo dozens of times. It is the father of her daughter, \; the devil training, achievement of 20 years one of the 20th century, the \Open the first time to participate in the Lang Gelang formal, beginning in the race to become the focus of audience and people talked about topic. early tennis, female athletes have a \petticoat and hat. \to cope with the resulting air flow resistance, have always careful not to drop a hat or scarf.
1919 Susan Wimbledon tennis arena. Langge Lang's appearance really changed this funny dress . she made a long sleeve to short sleeve, and with a loose leg exposed pleated skirts and knee stockings, the women's tennis has brought a fresh wind. win media classic remark: \Battle of the bare legs. \. Chambers won hands.
1920, at the Antwerp Olympics, Lang Gelang WTA won gold medals in all 10 games, she lost only four Board; her compatriot Marcus. Dekujisi partner won the mixed doubles second gold medal; and Elizabeth. partner won the doubles bronze medal Dayan.
from 1919 to 1923, Lang Gelang won Wimbledon 5 consecutive years champion, winning again in 1926; her participation in a major tournament 9 times, won 8 titles: from 1919 to 1926, she won a total of 21 Grand Slam singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles: 81 matches won championship, in which seven events, creating a Bureau of continuous fighting record is not lost. Langge Lang became the first into the professional tennis competition in the history of tennis stars.
1938 years, because of the tennis goddess sepsis patients died at age 39. to commemorate the legendary French heroine, with \tennis match \
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
End of an era
Schumacher retired, this is the end of an era. But his name and his spirit will forever remain in the F1 arena, never mind people who love racing in the hearts of everyone. We are waiting for the arrival of another era. < br> Schumacher. transcripts
1987 the German and European Kart Champion Formula
1988, Ford 1600, Germany's fourth in Germany, Europe's second
1989 Formula 3, qualifying format and the spirit in the Wind Heinz-Harald Frentzen in third place
1990 after the German Formula 3 Champion Levels in Formula
1990, Macau Grand Prix
1991 Formula 3000 International Championship. joined the Jordan Formula One team
1991-1995 He joined the Benetton Formula One team
1994-1995 Formula One champion
1996-1999 joined
2000 Ferrari Formula One Ferrari won the year the first driver in 21 years
2001 champion won the fourth champion, 43 pole positions, 53 race champion won the fifth
2002 drivers championship, individual total score of 945 points to 2003 Sixth win the drivers championship races all season and made six championship points to 1038 points total individuals in 2004 in Belgium, four points ahead to win the drivers points championship, and this is his 7th championship crown
2005 only get 1 race winner, or in the seven Michelin teams Strike obtained under the circumstances. end of the year to 62 points ranked third
driver
1987 the German and European Kart Champion Formula
1988, Ford 1600, Germany's fourth in Germany, Europe's second
1989 Formula 3, qualifying format and the spirit in the Wind Heinz-Harald Frentzen in third place
1990 after the German Formula 3 Champion Levels in Formula
1990, Macau Grand Prix
1991 Formula 3000 International Championship. joined the Jordan Formula One team
1991-1995 He joined the Benetton Formula One team
1994-1995 Formula One champion
1996-1999 joined
2000 Ferrari Formula One Ferrari won the year the first driver in 21 years
2001 champion won the fourth champion, 43 pole positions, 53 race champion won the fifth
2002 drivers championship, individual total score of 945 points to 2003 Sixth win the drivers championship races all season and made six championship points to 1038 points total individuals in 2004 in Belgium, four points ahead to win the drivers points championship, and this is his 7th championship crown
2005 only get 1 race winner, or in the seven Michelin teams Strike obtained under the circumstances. end of the year to 62 points ranked third
driver
Monday, December 20, 2010
The twenty-first century life, will host the Spanish
List of one's virtues, the Eightfold Path and the content (a) of the Eightfold Path of the virtues (b) the content of the Noble Eightfold Path 1. Right view - reasonable opinion 2. Are thinking - thinking of the right 3. Mindfulness - pure and ideas 4. is language - the language of honesty 5. is the industry - legitimate career 6. is life - a moral life 7. is sophisticated - a positive Zhiwu charity 8. definite - the cultivation of the will of two to eight Ching's influence and contribution to the 1. on the life of 2. contributions to society Ladies and gentlemen, today I am pleased to have the opportunity to meet with you, to study Buddhism, but I was Cantonese, Mandarin speakers do not understand, do not understand Cantonese for Friends, I'm sorry, I hope forgive me! However, after listening to different conversations, as long as the intentions to experience, or could understand. I remember when I was young, and they talk to other provinces of the Master, always could not understand, but they say a by, not only understand, but also translated into Cantonese for them too! Now, I use Cantonese to discuss with you about the medical science, advanced information technology in the twenty-first century, you can enjoy the advancement of technology products; the material should be satisfied! but healthy life, in addition to material enjoyment, but also need spiritual life. especially in today's moral degeneration , sinking of the modern human nature, human thought, has been caught in a time of extreme confusion, we need to be more eager to explore the civilization of the human spirit. Since last year's nine hundred and eleven events in New York, it is suddenly awakened, science, although they could provide to human beings a high degree of material enjoyment, but also the destruction of the crisis facing humanity; anytime, anywhere, man-made disasters can occur with the scourge, so that people life and property threatened. If you do not urgently seeking to save, one day, inevitably occur will be five to six thousand a lively splash of life into the dust in an instant? If one day, unfortunately the outbreak of World War III, science of weapons, as long as the land in the most remote corners of the earth, the inhabitants of our global village will die, what a horror it! impending crisis we face, what should do before they can be self-help save lives? This is really a not allow us to ignore the problem! Therefore, I think the twenty-first century life, can no longer revel in material comforts, and to be vigilant and seek the right path of life, to peace, to create a happy, to prevent terrorist incidents, in order to save the science of weapons, a threat to lives and property of mankind. But what the right way of life there? towards where we should be starting before you can embark on peace and creating a road to happiness? Today, I am ready to brief you on the road to happiness in life, that is, the Buddha gave us the Eightfold Path of Discovery; as long as we join hands together to the Eightfold Path to ensure that you can achieve peace, and create happiness. because of the Noble Eightfold Path the Buddha said, people leave suffering and attain not only music, magic switch where the supreme holiness, is the expansion of human virtue, to improve human thinking and behavior of the sword; also Mustang driving science, the human spirit toward the civilization, leading to peace, and create a happy navigation. as long as our global village, every resident can dream of waking in the material, in the Decipher vitality and in turn, shared the Noble Eightfold Path towards forward, we must to abandon evil, away from the plague, but also can clear the science in the global village, the time bomb ambush, to achieve our purpose of self-help save lives. in particular: We aim Sambo his disciples from Lilly, at the moment, it should be the future of mankind envisaged, the spirit of the Buddha's spirit of compassion save the world, leading mankind to the Eightfold Path, seeking to rescue the crisis in the world today, in order to benefit all sentient beings to do our duty. But what is the Eightfold Path do? Now, let me first introduce the Eightfold Path of virtue , indicating that the contents of the Eightfold Path, then to the impact of the Eightfold Path of life, and contribution to society. one of the Eightfold Path of virtue and content (a) of the Noble Eightfold Path of the virtues, 1, Masami: a reasonable opinion, is the correct outlook on life. 2, is thinking: the idea is correct, is also a conscious sense of his thinking. 3, Mindfulness: a pure and will, and benefit from his ideas. 4, right speech: It is pure no jump, honest language. 5, is industry: is a legitimate employment, and welfare of the community business. 6, is life: a formal act, moral life. 7, is sophisticated: a positive spirit, Zhu Wu Mo for all good practice activities. 8, positive: a focus on the will to stop the delusion, develop energy cultivation work. more than eight principles of moral life, are able to extend human morality, civilization and development of the human spirit, leading human to happiness, peace, belongs to the broad road of life, hence the name of the Eightfold Path. (b) the content of the Noble Eightfold Path 1. right view - right view reasonable opinion: that a reasonable view. The reasonable view, and not the ordinary perception of ordinary people, but not bias or false views lost beings, but the consciousness of the truth of life of the saints, the use of a special kind of wisdom, completely according to After the truth, to know right view is obtained. This is conducted in the right to know not only the illusion of human thought can be corrected, modified human bad behavior, it is awareness of life, understand themselves, and further can escape the shackles of life and death, to obtain immortal truth and the life it belongs to a correct outlook on life. On the question of life: What is human life come from? Why shall he die? meaning of human existence, and what is the goal of life? a lot of people do not know. ancients did not know that modern people do not know; philosophers do not know, scientists do not know; However, the founder of Buddhism, Sakyamuni Buddha, is well aware of. because of Sakyamuni Buddha, the Buddha once enlightenment under the tree into the other, when the total elimination of all earthly thoughts and irrational thoughts, evil thoughts, the highest level within the same time inspired the original wisdom to some of the phenomenal world through the universe, all phenomena of the body depth of the universe, according to confused ignorant beings, as a frivolous idea ignorance, resulting in no jump of the original pure Buddha nature is also true also jump into the eighth consciousness. then feel Alaya consciousness that leads to knowledge of the jump to the seventh seventh and the eighth sleep, sleep because of the persistent jump to the seventh self-consciousness, then evolved into sentient beings the illusion of the sixth sense, true fans by lying, as though to recognize true; day people I were wrong, and heart is greedy, town, ignorance, pride, doubt arises in all the troubles, the body as killing, stealing, lust, and lying all the bad karma, etc., by the industry a sense of fruit, incurred karma of life, this man's first source of life. When we accept life on retribution, they also re- for good or for evil industry, because then a sense of fruit, fruit recycling because, in the case causal loop, so the formation of the endless flood of life and death, which is the main reason for living beings shall he die. When Sakyamuni Buddha , the response had the highest level of the original wisdom of the situation right (fundamental wisdom), not only see the universe and life according to the body, also found that some of the manifest universe, is harmony in the cause, under the conditions of life, the conditions are also dispersed in the cause sometimes eliminate the so-called: reported in accordance with the material world, changing all the time flow. sentient beings I have birth and death; a cruel thing, their remaining differences to live off; the world, but also live in the bad air success. the world does not have any image of the same things are not Birth and Death in the uncertain evolution of growth, but also the evolution of the impermanence of birth and death disappeared. Therefore, Buddha said: self, just harmony in a timely four five aggregates, five aggregates dispersed in four died in the circulation of life and death, I'm not a real existence. So Buddha said: impermanence, no I phenomena, there is an eternal truth of my being immortal. The real me, in the physical world, said: It is the principle of all phenomena, the universe ontology; in the emotional world, said: the Buddha nature of human beings, the truth life. While everything in the universe is in constant change, birth and death is uncertain, but the Buddha is eternal. beings rupa arises, beings born from the Buddha nature is not followed; beings rupa death, the Buddha sex will not be extinguished along. This does not of Health eternal, immutable differences Buddha, is the truth of life, that is, Buddha says: Great color combination of the body in the five aggregates, there is a real, exists as a fan of self-enforcement color metabolism, persistent deterioration of the impermanence of things for me have; so in order to self-expanding, self-owned materials to continue to add value had to actively fight efforts to fight; not play in human nature the spirit of mutual love, but you scramble, you fear me fraud, mutual abuse, hostile to each other, killing each other, hardly before the stage of life is war, life distress, all come along with it. So Buddha said: Life is real is the suffering (Kudi). held for life cause of suffering is nothing more than to lust for pleasure and self-possession, along I am greedy, I would violate the town, I am bad slow, wins I am jealous, and if so set the corruption inside the town plot, jealousy, arrogance, doubt, all kinds of trouble (Jidi), instigated in the behavior of all the evil artificial form a sense of results by the newspaper industry is coping. the case of the fruit due to flu , fruit recycling because, similar cause and effect, cause and effect go hand in hand, III loop constantly, gradually evolved into a powerful current of life and death, Lunjiong endless. So Buddha said: the main reason for reincarnation. Since the town of greed in everyone crazy, so everyone has been plagued with the bitter end, regardless of the length of human life, life is spent in distress. But Sakyamuni Buddha in the universe, according to See phenomenal world is impermanent, suffering, empty, without me, they also found that the phenomenon of impermanence of all phenomena, the hidden and eternal Nirvana a quiet Me (Miedi). so that the meaning of life, not is the material enjoyment and possession, but rather to explore the truth, and true to my card too. what began to discover the truth of life, access to really my life? The answer is: Monasticism (Daodi). as long as we have few desires contentment, spiritual Saint; surly adverse psychological change their own past, the total elimination of criminal behavior, school sage further repair efforts Zhiwu do good, the accumulation of merit, one day, try to get rid of the troubles incurred because of the bitter fruit . bitter due to both broken, bitter and choose not to worry about life and death nature can get rid of the shackles, the truth is the ultimate goal of life. the so-called: This view is known not only is a right view, but also turn any holiness, turn suffering into joy, praise from a negative into a positive, from pessimism to optimism, from despair into hope for life. Unfortunately, most people have no access to Buddhism , can not understand the truth of life, but I do not know if there is a real existence; to the era of the growth of different backgrounds, different education, different ways of thinking, so the opinions differ with each other also can not be consistent. results, but relies on individual false consciousness ideas and speculation, and have all kinds of violation of the truth, illogical stereotyping, prejudice, and false views. is not a persistent delusion that by the combination of the four five aggregates for the self-life body (see body), is that people die as the lamp, and there is no pre-existence, there is no afterlife; for good less than dependable, no need to fear evil. or that people do die, animals die, come back and do the animal world, and always will, will not change; fallen or broken edges, or often see. and unknown cause, who does not believe six reincarnation, I do not know the anguish and joy of life, fortune or misfortune, are self-inflicted, not people with or heaven-sent, but that the universe there are all of the creator, the world's all good and bad fortune , are the master of God, the human is absolutely no power of choice and freedom; have no causal false views aside. As strong desire to lead people, and deliberately set the doctrine of non-management, the faithful compliance with forced ignorance; even forced followers to commit suicide This cult, a Buddhist term for him it is: quit to take see the ban. there is one class of people particularly strong subjective, often stubborn own opinion is, deliberate exclusion of the right of speech in society, non-inverted, regardless of pathogen, is a kind of see take see. both see the body, side view, false views, quit forbidden to take see, or see take see, are the unreasonable one persists, do not know right from wrong, do not believe in cause and effect, logical fallacy known solutions of evil, fall into the evil, since the errors were wrong, since the harm harm, be named as evil, see Buddhism. In particular, see the evil in sight of the body, is the culprit; this world of troubles, both by the people ; elected. the human body because the attachment to self, so self-expansion, only knew of me, I do not know someone, Obey me and greed, against me by the town, like it is love, the town is hate. love? wrong is a good hate it? even honorable man, is also seen as a thorn in the flesh. resulting loved and hated by the manipulation of life, and only power, no justice, no justice, not love of the desire of its life, the desire is to hate his death. Many people love their homes, can not love another person's home; love their country can not love other people's countries; love their nation and their religious beliefs, can not love other people, other religions. lead to national and ethnic , conflict with each other; of religion, fight each other. that exhort people to the good religion, it turned out to kill Evil; human sin and human life miserable, but also with time every year. be traced, because the human ideas the error. Therefore, we died to save the miserable, non-implementation of the right view is not Buddhism. If all people to accept the right view of Buddhist enlightenment, have the right to life, opinion, ignorance is no longer clinging to the self, not because of me greedy, but because of my town. If so greedy either destroyed, the town can not afford to doubt; to no longer meet the personal desires, selfish, thick I thin people, pretentious all killing, stealing, lust, and lying all the evil deeds; will not be for their own interests, harm the people and undermine peace. but to exercise restraint themselves, conquer their own, transform themselves, and then will be extended to big my ego, pushing Pat and the people who sacrifice for the sake of economic; to promote human well-being to achieve world peace. If further repair school sage to eliminate corruption and other troubles crazy town, beyond the three realms, free life and death certificate I was really quiet Nirvana. So right view, in the squares were made by Dharma: Yes selection method by the eye, see the essence of management, care tainted line, study conducted in the right seamless method is known, is a seamless body of wisdom. In Mahayana Buddhism made: it is human consciousness, is the wisdom to carry out, since the save person's lighthouse, it was the right outlook on life. 2. are thinking - the idea of the Eightfold Path of right positive thought, is a correct idea, not only can promote the awareness of the Self, but also to make awareness of the thinking of others . If every person for the truth of the universe and life, have the right opinion, the erection of a correct outlook on life, the human mind, it tends to pure and uniform, evil thinking Luanxiang will not happen again, but care deeply about, are thinking Nyaya. Therefore, in the Theravada, said: Positive thinking is a very evil away, stop and irrational thoughts, focus will, thinking, truth, growth is intellectual, really consciously seeking Duanhuo card. If made in Mahayana Buddhism: positive thinking, it is a pursuit of truth, and consciously feel his thinking. Sakyamuni Buddha, as Prince Edward, the face of no truth, no freedom, and the extreme inequality of the dynasty of class, so all the time thinking, how to, then you can awaken the consciousness of humanity to realize the concept of human freedom and equality. because the kind of Prince Edward, deep know the real revolution in order to save the masses, not the instigation of the war, for the bloody sacrifice, but rather to the truth as a weapon to ethics as a strength, not to increase suffering of the people. Thus, the enjoyment of abandoning the palace, the implementation of a monk monasticism, the pursuit of truth, and Hebei to see the truth of weapons to overthrow the inequalities of class time to achieve the ideal of a bloodless revolution. Finally, Prince Siddhartha was successful When he awakened Buddha, the real truth of life found in the universe, becoming the first one to the truth as a weapon for the forces of mercy, to freedom and equality for the masses and the revolutionary sage; the same time, also set equality, freedom, compassion, peace is the central idea of Buddhism. Buddhism advocates equality, not just class equality, racial equality, gender equality, economic equality, but also equal retribution,Discount UGG boots, and even awareness of Buddha are equal. The results of equality The thick atmosphere, melting the human race discrimination, to break through the boundaries of the nobility and Jianzhong, canceled the class was named India's four inequalities; not only promote the human spirit of mutual love, but also laid the coexistence and common prosperity of mankind basis for peace. Buddhism to promote freedom, limited life, thought, belief, expression, and in action, and economic freedom, but also to encourage people to pursue the spirit and life of freedom, hope everyone is able to lift the life and death pain, get away from the shackles of life and how to obtain the freedom of truth. Buddhism practiced compassion, compassionate care not only to their own children and other people's children, love their family home with others, love their country and others countries, love all the different human races with the enemy, or even care for all living things other than human beings; equal removal of the pain of all sentient beings, the joy of giving all living beings equally. Buddhism advocates peace, knows no boundaries, regardless of race, regardless of poverty rich and poor, must live in peace, coexistence and common prosperity. can not attack others, infringing, even if the attacks and angry harm by others, but also tolerance, forgiveness, do not think retaliation; want to give others a moral influence and personality into submission. Therefore, the history of Buddhism is peace, and Buddhists in the thousand years of long years, do not know how many times subjected to bullying outside, and outside attacks, always the spirit of compassion forgiveness, tolerance, spirit of sacrifice to resolve, to avoid positive conflict, stop the bloodshed of war. If mankind can learn from the Buddha, learn the Buddha Cibei Bo love, tolerance, spirit of forgiveness, freedom and equality of learning the Buddha, the idea of peaceful coexistence; then, far more than the deviation can improve people's thinking and evil, cessation of conflict and struggle of human thought, you can also find the truth of equality, access to real in my life. SQUARE saints, to in-depth study of thinking from the right view, understanding the true meaning of life, growth is wisdom, monasticism. the immeasurable humanitarian law, the implementation of the interests of limitless beings, Hebei plans to achieve feel him, the life and death, certificates Nirvana, the main bridge attain Buddhahood. Unfortunately people do not Dharma, each result of opinion is not correct, led to ideological differences and conflicts, and turned into ideological struggle. we started to look human history, each one is filled with blood and tears fight. Why? because human thought, can not always uniform, has been fighting for different ideas; until modern times, is it not because of the extremes of human thought, together with interest conflict in the struggle it! Therefore, we must find a noble idea, but able to adapt to the times of thinking, to clarify the confusion of human thought today. I think that the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism in the positive thinking, should be the guide of modern human thought If everyone can implement positive thinking, thinking, truth, equality, thinking how to save themselves to save people, thinking how well-being of society, for the world to seek peace, then, must be satisfied that the human mind on the right track, cancel the struggle of human thought 3.. mindfulness - the idea of pure and read, is your mind and thoughts, miss. mindfulness, is determined to develop the will is the power of good. a view is correct, thinking of pure people in the right view is to know the wisdom of life, must know good and evil, know right from wrong, clearly cause and effect; it is able to turn evil to righteous thoughts, turn evil for the good side, turn and irrational thoughts, thoughts attributed to six concepts. What is six read? six read that the Buddha, read the law, Nianseng, read the warning , Nian Shi, reading days. Buddhists, all the time to recite the benediction, like Buddha's wisdom, like Buddha's compassion, to remove the distress of all beings, the joy of giving all living beings; and Yahata compassion, on Qiufo Dao, is Buddhism. miss the Buddha says of the Tripitaka Twelve teaching, can people turn for the Wu fans, who turn sanctify the life and death is Nirvana turn, turn worry into Bodhi; willing to in-depth by the possession of wisdom such as the sea, under the souls of the masses, was a student of law. miss with the Buddhist monk of the Yin holy man, a good mentor is human, the world's Fukuda; ready with its footprint, to follow suit, Lijiliren, since the degree of saving people, and common leave suffering and attain music, Buddhism and Taoism into the interest is Nianseng. miss established by multiplying the size of Buddha precepts, can cause Fangfeizhiwu, change to the amendment, the achievement Road sector; willing Dingdai Shouchi, life do not make, in order to clean Three industry, Dharma, Buddha wisdom is continued, was a student quit. miss fiscal measures, the Dharma, giving of fearlessness, you can get rid of greed, you can accumulate merit, you can Sheshou beings: happy no phase Busch, Yiqun save the world, is study facilities. miss and live heaven, you can stay away from this world of troubles, is wishful comfortable environment, learning meditation, and seeking relief. miss nirvana day, nirvana can all attain eternal happiness silent, lifting six life and death cycle of distress . miss the first day of justice, whether consciousness can be complete Buddhism, breadth beings, full of Bodhi May, was a student of days. If so, care deeply, separated from the Buddha, read the law, Nianseng, read the warning, read the facilities, reading days, are mindful are all good thoughts; away from distracting thoughts and irrational thoughts, evil thoughts, evil thoughts, ideas and strong, not by the invasion of evil, not evil by it, not because of the adverse environmental change kindness, not because of the acquisitiveness Xunxin loss of mindfulness. then instigated the act, of course, good deeds, is the line, far more than could have been People who have set human, but also then be able to Following the secret, for eternal peace open. Unfortunately, the modern general young people who do not know what is good and what is evil, courage is more than lack of intelligence, experience is limited; and in the darkest of the harsh environment, coupled with unhealthy trend of the infection, The lure of materialism, a little old to learn to eat, drink, far more than extravagant debauchery, hither and indulgence, but also armed with a knife robbery, firing murder, killing teachers, killing the students, and even kill their own parents. As the salt of the earth, the state pillar, times the elite of the younger generation, even reduced to the point, if not to impose artificial aid, the human future, what hope? Therefore, I think, such as constantly to prevent the occurrence of social evils, such as the fall to save the younger generation, non- promote the right view of Buddhism, is not thinking and mindfulness. because only the positive perception of Buddhism, is thinking, and pure goodness, before you can make the correct perception, thoughts pure, your mind and goodness; and only Buddhist the right view, is thinking, and mindfulness, it is open to the wisdom, knowledge of good and evil, know right from wrong, clearly cause and effect, voluntarily, to reverse the evil thoughts, the idea of improving poor, regulate the behavior of misconduct, to make up for state laws deficiencies. because the state law can only be punished in already, and right view of Buddhism, is thinking, and mindfulness, but they can turn arises in the right view, turn evil for the good side, it is pure thoughts, words and deeds is reasonable, preventive measure. So sen said: maintain, the will of the communication, exchange of ideas, and both are by virtue of the language as the medium. but the human language, must be honest and reliable, simple to understand, enough is enough, not much to say. When the governor can do, if not to say, so as not to say much more you've got the wrong; likes to talk, often loose lips, lead to irreparable damage. it is an old saying: Ancient Philosophy Socrates said: do not sow discord, no gossip, no evil I swear, not malicious criticism of others, not deliberately slander other people, the normal development and avoid a breach of public relations, manufacturing, human disputes and crimes. especially the Buddhist disciples, more authentic language use, to close photo karma, so I do not know, I do not know his talk; more famous for not making a profit, and raved Words and Flowery Expressions, without the sage was concerned, did not permit the saints in terms of fruit bit card, the error from the wrong people, lead to degradation. so we are language , is a seamless ring for the body. 5. is the industry - legitimate employment is industry, refers to the individual legitimate employment, or welfare of the business. life in the world, whether for their own lives, or to social development, country's prosperity, should start work, make contributions. but the industry has good and evil, there are good and evil; we started in the profession, of course, to choose, and start a business, and more carefully. what the industry can be considered as being industry, good industry? Buddhism, , who can promote social stability and prosperity, others have their own interests and the industry, both Chevalier, agricultural, industrial, commercial, all names are trade, good business. Otherwise, the only benefit is as contrary to morality, from virtue, or violate the law of the industry, are evil industry, bad karma. For example: sex trafficking, smuggling, tax evasion, or desperate, drug trafficking, or killing, stealing, lust, and lying on the industry, are evil cause. Based on the law of cause and effect, whether it is good karma or bad karma, will form a latent force, hidden in the heart of the consciousness of people is bound to lead students similar results, the Buddhist term called or evil, the seed industry, joined the cause, it will surely lead raw or bitter or happy outcome. As the time Chisu meet different cause, so the seeds of good and evil industry, triggered by the results of good and evil, not necessarily in the immediate life to be reported in the next life may be reported, or reported in many lifetimes later. But no matter how long the distance of time, in the causes and conditions are ripe, the law of cause and effect, each individual must act, deserve, fair and equal distribution to everyone to enjoy themselves. Therefore, Buddhist, said: Fortunately and unfortunately happened to own all the champions of their own destiny, is to manipulate in their own hands, so that he may be their benefactor, it could be their own enemies. Buddha said: the recipient is; For fruit afterlife, this life the author is. of bad luck, this is the past life, the evil industry mature retribution, has nothing to do with the behavior of present and good; and present and for the good work done will naturally lead to the next life bliss. As for the social evil of people, but the reason that rich is also made, the pre-existence of good industry, the result of mature life, has nothing to do with criminal acts in this life; the life of evil, of course, can also cause a lifetime of misfortune the next. Unfortunately, people do not understand cause and effect , see the community every good man suffer, the wicked pleasure of the phenomenon, we said: knowledge and deviant views of the people, thinking is not correct, refused to accept the normative law of cause and effect, and alone make free. can not stand products morality, the freedom of the individual; not law-abiding, freedom of the individual; in the industry, a danger to society, but also personal free; or even attack the freedom of others, killing others to freedom, stole abduction, violation of national welfare, and disrupt social order, are free. masking under the slogan of freedom, all kinds of evil, harm is harm as a result, the referee can not escape cause and effect ; as have more plot evil, karma mature, crimes reported to escape, it led to natural disasters, all kinds of unexpected tragedy. stand in the position of cause and effect, said: human tragedy, all karma, self-inflicted, can not complain. We are based on compassion , of course, can not stand, must do their own ability to give material assistance, or mental comfort; but the most effective methods of assistance, the truth of Buddhism should be used to promote awareness of human nature. so that there is to know the world is human See all recognize Chu Rensheng the meaning and value, and then change the evil thoughts, evil thoughts change, the abolition of evil industry, then, before you can eliminate the cause of suffering because, before heaven and earth to resolve hostility and evil began to turn to good luck, of the plagues is bliss. 6. is life - a moral life is life in the Eightfold Path is the formal, rational and moral life. people from legitimate employment, or the development of public welfare cause, reasonable profits, fight for the remuneration, to feed themselves and their families, so that their legitimate sources of income, meet the people living their own ethics and morals, and the law does not violate causality, Buddhism be named as is life. On the contrary, if the operator Changliao a common gaming house , selling poison, tax evasion, smuggling, alone made the law, or engage in various unethical industry, earn huge profits; or using unfair means, theft fraud, swindle other people's property, to support life, be named as the evil fate of Buddhism live. especially the monk's life and, more intelligence should be seamless, except Shen Kouyi three of the five industry live evil lives: no fraud is heterogeneous, not since that merit, not divination Xiangming, not now through demonstrations, regardless of that famous making a profit. and desires to be satisfied, weak fame and fortune, is living in clean hit to road from live, the so-called: shift, wealth is not obscene, unbending, firm monks do not bow, unyielding position on the section, sophisticated Office Road, to seek and nurture the body of law and foster the life of wisdom, that is, is life. 7. is sophisticated - a positive Zhiwu charity are sophisticated, is a positive initiative. a determined and progressive people, not only to work hard, do not slack off, not Romantic and Uncontrolled, not perfunctory; also active in the virtue and duration, Lee has been our planet. ancients said: but there have been. For example: diligent gambling, crime or effort to manufacture, since the harm harm, its Jingqin, the mother rather slack better. or only know how to care too much about personal fame and fortune in possession, regardless of life and death of others, no respect for others interest, such interest has been the progressive loss of people, not try the best. Eightfold Path is in the sophisticated, not only to Zhiwu, but also actively rehabilitated; we should have been cultivating their own gram, virtue and duration to self, but also To encourage others to ground the Bodhisattva path to altruism. for his work from Lilly, and Buddhism's spirit, not afraid of difficulties, do not back down, hard-line and can do it, unbearable and may be able, responsible, dare to play, hard-working Renku, refined Jin Tao, do not slack, indolent. Buddha born to promote the cause of interest, in order to treat human illnesses indolent, more slack to stop degradation of human behavior, encourages us to ...
Sunday, December 19, 2010
Community and cultural groups have the right to debate - Qin Hui A reader
Community and cultural groups have the right answers readers
Debate mm Qin Hui Guests: Qin Hui (Tsinghua University, Professor, Department of History)
Moderator: History of British
Time: May 13, 2006
on ; culture and system > Qin Hui: Culture without the abilities to see how you defined. like us before the reform, the cultural understanding of the superstructure for a specific system, that compete with the culture, of course, there is. For example: capitalism culture than the culture of feudalism must be high, but at that time, we do not put the value of culture and special national selection same, that is when we were talking about Chinese culture, Western culture and so on. because both China and the West, they have experienced the evolution of different systems, and now we emphasize the culture, the problem has been mainly a national character, or the specific choice of every nation, special interests, in this sense is certainly not compete with the culture. For example: Chinese and Western food Chinese medicine and Western medicine, they should not compete with that, but, since these should not be everyone's choice compete with the points, then give each person the freedom of choice to be a desirable It is not allowed to have this freedom than the system better. This is what I say not compete with the culture, the system has advantages and disadvantages. For example, not compete with Chinese food and western food, but eating free food is better than authoritarian regime. as analogy.
beyond the people: Your Culture, compete with the proposition, established the premise that? If you do not define this premise, we can easily misread.
Qin Hui: the history, narrow concept.
Qin Hui: meaning of a concept defined by the people, since it is proposed to discuss the concept, and that logic can not be messy. You should also be expanded definition of culture, but culture and the system once relative tolerance, it can not accommodate another phase with the national character. For example, you can say that the Chinese people are like Chinese food, but you can not say that the Chinese dictatorship is like eating. You can say that this system is very good eating authoritarian, But the introduction of Chinese culture from inside the well, there is a problem. because eating Chinese food culture is not authoritarian characteristics, Chinese food is Chinese food culture features. I want to emphasize is: say this not because the Chinese people have no food advocate of tyranny, but because these two on the You have assumed that the Chinese people in the Conversely, if you think Chinese people like to eat Chinese food really is, you can not say Chinese people like to a). So I think that both China and the West there are always some people like to can not tolerate
bark friends: To determine the merits of the system, the need for a standard? culture to judge the abilities are also a standard?
Qin Hui: I think this is a very liberal people like Marx sentence: But I do not see liberals would refuse to accept this standard. As for the preferences, there is no need to set uniform standards established compete with what is, I think that this is not a ?
Qin Hui: I do not understand the culture and preferences if not linked, but also, and what ties together. we talk about such and such, ; Chinese culture is a psychological concept, for me, I tend to think it is common sense.
kimcom: how do you look at the economic and political systems and values of the impact?
Qin Hui: The impact of the political system and values impact on the economy, as are all possible, I do not think that one will be able to unilaterally culture The fair market economy will encourage people to be more recognition of political freedom, but market br> Qin Hui: I have repeatedly expressed mean: I think that this system of relativism said: I advocate the formulation of cultural relativism reverse order: first confirmed cultural strengths and weaknesses. is a cultural logic of power, who's who of the culture is strong and cultural advantages, and how the gradual decline of the culture can not say it is excellent, right? cultural character, actually there is a subtext of cultural logic of power.
Qin Hui: What does cultural power it? example: McDonald's popular in China, it is indeed that of Western Might this be called? If ordered a ban on McDonald's, then this is the implementation of power or against the power it? foot binding is a lot of people are no improvement initiatives were never considered, and the May Fourth period, built on the basis of free choice of the Foot movement is considered significant with the Enlightenment, the difference between the two is that one does not allow the choice, a choice you ban?
you not to mention the national oppression are expressed as forced assimilation. But the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Han rulers in some parts of the south against indigenous women had bound feet, in order to distinguish between assimilation within the Mongols, and forced to marry against deceive the implementation phase marry Han Meng, Yuan Mongol rulers On the contrary, in order to maintain the manifestation of national oppression it? medieval European anti-Semitism, Jews are often forced conversion to Christianity. But Hitler's anti-Semitism on the contrary, he forbade Jews the white house already banned slavery, but they use the black slaves, one of the reasons there have been slavery of Africans, which was to respect their Of course not behavior? historians know that: In fact, the first thing to promote some progress abolitionist whites, they called for universal human rights standards themselves to blacks, which is to promote black liberation, or is to be black, , but rather those who defended slavery black number of blacks support the black civil rights issues, said: the individual . This means that we can not be against Le Pen and his ilk, it is precisely stop talking not talking about assimilation, but also requires this sort are brilliant, of which translations have my order made, please refer to.
a boat far: System and Culture with a high degree of correlation, Qin teachers look at how the relationship between the two?
Qin Hui: I'm just under the definition of culture is not the correlation with the system, this is what I often used in parallel: the Western and Chinese food restaurants do not release free of tyranny, or other diet, foot binding and augmentation of the other beauty treatment can not be launched freedom of choice and the others forced the other; Christianity and Confucianism do not introduce freedom of belief and heresy trial of the other; Chongxian and worship to the other can not be released to the rulers of the Yin of the need for the public esteem, that the election of the other ; and so on.
Mo Flow: You talk about the major non-institutional culture, institutional culture and non-institutional culture, where the main difference?
Qin Hui: I think you said culture is bound to the cultural definition of non-national character, as I mentioned earlier, the reform of the former so-called feudal culture, capitalist culture, as in this sense, talk about culture, do not talk about Western comparison. As I've mentioned: Some people often imposed on Chinese people. This Why? on the Burning of the Books for China in the past there have been sort of thing? Is the West in the past there has been no heresy trial and burned at the stake?
I know some friends like to talk about like to eat Chinese food and Western food is culture, gender, diet free diet is not a culture of autocracy do not, Do not, What refers to the item, where the logic is the same set up. If the Of course, this two different things in you which one is called : But, Qin teachers, institutions and culture should be closely linked to, ah, in the sense that they should be displayed in perfect harmony, a certain system on the formation of a certain culture, certain cultural and heritage into a system. as you say as if the two separated.
Qin Hui: What is thinking of the old is repeated, people may also find that tyranny is granted. but you say Chinese, or autocracy to a constant? then west from the medieval to the modern, so much institutional change, they change the Logically, how can we prove that: long-term eating Chinese food, perhaps on the diet advocated autocracy, and you long to lead you to eat Western food diet advocated free? Well this is simply fails to hold.
the other hand, accustomed to the authoritarian rulers will not want to let the people choose, even if they may not persist in some kind of interpretations (or much of a legalist, not the original intent of the interpretation of Confucius and Mencius). Now they'd converted to what the Western intended interpretation). but with the In the species of 1,2-surely say that today the ancient A, B result. the most thorough A, B may be the long disruption will have a reason to change; but they are also compared with the geographical environment variable mm seems to be successful then there will be a reason for institutional change. But even more important objective is the existence of different geographical environment, this too subjective, so regardless of institutional change can not succeed to get a successful ; did not change, this kinds of long-time interpretation of the causal chain itself is meaningless. I am , especially the long time history of the causal chain, the total probability is very small. Ancient China led to the current 1 A, the West led to present the ancient B 2, or turn, the Chinese did not appear non-1, the West does not appear all that non-2mm None of this is inevitable, and even (say from a long time) can not be said to be a great probability, but time and again choose to It was previously selected effects of sin on the part of the causal chain in terms of the impact may be great, so close to clever. our future. the future is uncertain quality, and this is our responsibility, not the former, but not that long ago the ancients, such as generation of Confucius.
Mo Flow: Where is the vitality of national culture? its There is no strong or weak points of vitality? If so, it means that although no cultural advantages and disadvantages, but there is strength, right?
Qin Hui: I said Culture, advantages and disadvantages, pros and cons of actually saying no nationality, This is not so much empirical results, as it is a belief. because I believe that without the merits of national, racial non-pros and cons, and if the . then the reality of history developed in some ethnic groups, and some weak national weakness, which is why? In my opinion, it is their choice at a time in the history of the merits of the decision-making. Of course you can say, after a previous decision on the choice is influential, and therefore reflects the historical cause and effect, but the causal history is the probability of causation, rather than the inevitability of cause and effect, so as to extend the causal chain, the total probability of cause and effect will be close to zero, that is, a: National does not have advantages, but the embodiment of method chosen nation, there should be different from it, but a concrete manifestation of this approach is the cultural, Professor Qin please correct me.
Qin Hui: ; is a fact of experience that we can reflect on the to select our future path. But make value judgments on the fait accompli is not much sense. because of any past, especially the distant past can not decide on any one nation the future, or historians can be telling expert, but I have proved to explain the past history, including an explanation of the distant past, but can not predict the future, in particular, can not predict the distant future, the reason lies in the historical chain of causation significance of regressive.
but It is also because the future is uncertain, it is particularly important to our efforts. If we are destined to perish, to what use? If we are destined to prosper, then lie down and wait for the day got, why should they strive to do ?
on the fight against inference is that Western culture is superior to Chinese culture, modern culture is superior to the ancient culture, this evolutionary point of view is doubtful.
Qin Hui: I agree with your point of view. The question is how this cultural determinism is formed? I am in the important. Second, the basis of national identity. specific culture is to make a nation an important cohesive factor. so at least there exists in the national significance of this phenomenon, culture is very important. For myself, I do not in addition to Chinese herbal medicine very optimistic (which is when I was in the countryside when the production team about the experience when health workers), at least to speak Chinese, eat Chinese food, Chinese New Year Symbols Chinese-style aesthetic, and most of my relatives and friends as well, I am willing to living in their circles, this is the so-called cultural identity. Manqingruguan year after the most intolerable is that forced the Han men and shaved, put female feet, forced to engage cultural transformation. Despite the clear economic and political system and there is no big difference tomorrow, when the vast majority of Han Qing south, including the scholar has also succumbed, but years, full of heaven and earth to resist the Qing bloody campaign. see people in the In theory, advantages and disadvantages, just like I love the mother, not because she was smarter than others richer and more beautiful, or of a noble and what is others are not. is no logical relationship problems, and I love the mother, but I do not need proof of my mother, the merits of hard evidence indeed. For example, as to express the feelings I can praise the diligence and bravery of the Chinese nation, but this as an empirical study, you will need to prove that at least relative to other nations is lazy, cowardly, or diligent, brave How can be your understandable, but he said those in the mother, as well as blood and mother in addition to the resulting feelings of rights - the responsibility between the mother decided to not choose blood, and cultural identity is a choice. the mother of their children's upbringing and their children constitute a sense of obligation to wear - right, not a personality Why blame the right one do not believe the Chinese people believe in Christ or Confucius, but the letter of Marxism. modern state can only seek a legal obligation to do its citizens (taxation, military service, etc.), also belong to his rights, including cultural preferences into account. < br> Culture, merits, not force, but the increased cohesion and importance of the development of a nation, how do? it from the pros and cons of what can be improved (such as system) start to agree with your culture, people can be happy and thus enhance the recognition, but also to attract new partisan, and that this fascist ideology certainly worse than the democratic ideals it. thinking if only involve their own preferences, that is only involved in , but also as the merits of this idea. a thought may have thought these two aspects, for example, I master Zhang Xiaoguo few people, Han Fei Unity, if only to stop here, you never know advantages and disadvantages: a large country in this world there are a small country, you would like to live where it should be differ from each other can not be forced mm such as China is a big country, while Greece is a small country, you can not say that I wrote the Greek culture is inferior to China. The question is what would its way to make others agree with your idea, which involves the at least from the perspective of modern civilization is so human. I think that Han Fei's ideas are bad, not because I do not like the uniform, but because I resent his high-handed kind of unscrupulous ideology of slavery and the others must take the evil enough to thick black advocates.
kimcom: Will the traditional values is not part of the culture?
Qin Hui: traditional values itself is diverse, what value are you referring to? If referring to the Confucian, then there are purely personal Confucian selective value, and some others for how to constrain the system requires, the former belongs to culture, which do not fall under my definition of culture. but this does not mean that the latter should be negated. because this latter category provisions may appear to be desirable in a modern perspective, but in China unite in the system specification at the time, it is probably still the second-best.
kimcom: from the practice point of view, liberal democracy can survive in any culture. But Christian democratic system seems more stable countries such as South Korea.
Qin Hui: South Korea is a Christian country? how many Chinese people now are using the example of Korea to prove that Like many countries, have a cultural diversity, it is difficult to summarize an idea of a religion. But even the Christian nation, it is not historically have been free and democratic system, the reality of modern democracy is indeed in the Christian, especially in Protestant countries produced, but, as I am : Does the teacher has read Renbu Mei Qin's if the original is called China's democracy is impossible. This may be contrary to his intention (many cultural determinist will face a similar predicament). So I think most open to question.
Lu: Thank you. Ren really trying to find the reasons why, but did not give a specific solution. I personally think that is the system of choice or freedom of speech pioneer of democratic reform.
Xiao Wu: Qin Berlin to see how teachers view of negative liberty?
Qin Hui: I answered the question about negative liberty: negative liberty of this proposition, mainly living in the free state of the people how to prevent the loss of freedom. with Hayek's words, is to prevent to the problems. But in many cases, people first must find a order necessary, but only negative freedom is difficult to establish the liberal order. I am in the difficulties, mm liberal order created difficult, difficult here.
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bark friends: freedom is just a person's preferences only, in the pursuit of the maximization of preferences?
Qin Hui: or Freedom is one of mankind's pursuit of all values, not only for the Chinese, Westerners, too, but at the expense of some degree of freedom, whether you can exchange for other value? This requires a basic freedom . analogy, I think the difference between any nation, can not be compared with greater differences between different animals, right? such as ants, bees are social-type animals, they are born collectivist, and the tiger are used to the forest alone, they can be said to be born Both animals are not universal. But, while the ants are just can not survive. If the ants are collectivist grounds outsiders artificially combination of any colony an When combined, such as estrus female and male, lactating mother, you should be the Tiger survival, please note that I say here is that ;, which is probably either the tiger or the ants are applicable for the value of it!
Xiao Wu: What is Enlightenment? I think enlightenment is of a unique taste, in the Western sense of enlightenment can not easily use, whether Kant Foucault's concept of enlightenment, or enlightenment concept, not necessarily suitable for China.
Qin Hui: the so-called Enlightenment, as I understand it is actually a popular choice, universal freedom, but freedom is clearly a boundary, which brings out in front of the phrase between. The Chinese and Western is the only group with no other CD has the other, or even ...
Debate mm Qin Hui Guests: Qin Hui (Tsinghua University, Professor, Department of History)
Moderator: History of British
Time: May 13, 2006
on ; culture and system > Qin Hui: Culture without the abilities to see how you defined. like us before the reform, the cultural understanding of the superstructure for a specific system, that compete with the culture, of course, there is. For example: capitalism culture than the culture of feudalism must be high, but at that time, we do not put the value of culture and special national selection same, that is when we were talking about Chinese culture, Western culture and so on. because both China and the West, they have experienced the evolution of different systems, and now we emphasize the culture, the problem has been mainly a national character, or the specific choice of every nation, special interests, in this sense is certainly not compete with the culture. For example: Chinese and Western food Chinese medicine and Western medicine, they should not compete with that, but, since these should not be everyone's choice compete with the points, then give each person the freedom of choice to be a desirable It is not allowed to have this freedom than the system better. This is what I say not compete with the culture, the system has advantages and disadvantages. For example, not compete with Chinese food and western food, but eating free food is better than authoritarian regime. as analogy.
beyond the people: Your Culture, compete with the proposition, established the premise that? If you do not define this premise, we can easily misread.
Qin Hui: the history, narrow concept.
Qin Hui: meaning of a concept defined by the people, since it is proposed to discuss the concept, and that logic can not be messy. You should also be expanded definition of culture, but culture and the system once relative tolerance, it can not accommodate another phase with the national character. For example, you can say that the Chinese people are like Chinese food, but you can not say that the Chinese dictatorship is like eating. You can say that this system is very good eating authoritarian, But the introduction of Chinese culture from inside the well, there is a problem. because eating Chinese food culture is not authoritarian characteristics, Chinese food is Chinese food culture features. I want to emphasize is: say this not because the Chinese people have no food advocate of tyranny, but because these two on the You have assumed that the Chinese people in the Conversely, if you think Chinese people like to eat Chinese food really is, you can not say Chinese people like to a). So I think that both China and the West there are always some people like to can not tolerate
bark friends: To determine the merits of the system, the need for a standard? culture to judge the abilities are also a standard?
Qin Hui: I think this is a very liberal people like Marx sentence: But I do not see liberals would refuse to accept this standard. As for the preferences, there is no need to set uniform standards established compete with what is, I think that this is not a ?
Qin Hui: I do not understand the culture and preferences if not linked, but also, and what ties together. we talk about such and such, ; Chinese culture is a psychological concept, for me, I tend to think it is common sense.
kimcom: how do you look at the economic and political systems and values of the impact?
Qin Hui: The impact of the political system and values impact on the economy, as are all possible, I do not think that one will be able to unilaterally culture The fair market economy will encourage people to be more recognition of political freedom, but market br> Qin Hui: I have repeatedly expressed mean: I think that this system of relativism said: I advocate the formulation of cultural relativism reverse order: first confirmed cultural strengths and weaknesses. is a cultural logic of power, who's who of the culture is strong and cultural advantages, and how the gradual decline of the culture can not say it is excellent, right? cultural character, actually there is a subtext of cultural logic of power.
Qin Hui: What does cultural power it? example: McDonald's popular in China, it is indeed that of Western Might this be called? If ordered a ban on McDonald's, then this is the implementation of power or against the power it? foot binding is a lot of people are no improvement initiatives were never considered, and the May Fourth period, built on the basis of free choice of the Foot movement is considered significant with the Enlightenment, the difference between the two is that one does not allow the choice, a choice you ban?
you not to mention the national oppression are expressed as forced assimilation. But the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Han rulers in some parts of the south against indigenous women had bound feet, in order to distinguish between assimilation within the Mongols, and forced to marry against deceive the implementation phase marry Han Meng, Yuan Mongol rulers On the contrary, in order to maintain the manifestation of national oppression it? medieval European anti-Semitism, Jews are often forced conversion to Christianity. But Hitler's anti-Semitism on the contrary, he forbade Jews the white house already banned slavery, but they use the black slaves, one of the reasons there have been slavery of Africans, which was to respect their Of course not behavior? historians know that: In fact, the first thing to promote some progress abolitionist whites, they called for universal human rights standards themselves to blacks, which is to promote black liberation, or is to be black, , but rather those who defended slavery black number of blacks support the black civil rights issues, said: the individual . This means that we can not be against Le Pen and his ilk, it is precisely stop talking not talking about assimilation, but also requires this sort are brilliant, of which translations have my order made, please refer to.
a boat far: System and Culture with a high degree of correlation, Qin teachers look at how the relationship between the two?
Qin Hui: I'm just under the definition of culture is not the correlation with the system, this is what I often used in parallel: the Western and Chinese food restaurants do not release free of tyranny, or other diet, foot binding and augmentation of the other beauty treatment can not be launched freedom of choice and the others forced the other; Christianity and Confucianism do not introduce freedom of belief and heresy trial of the other; Chongxian and worship to the other can not be released to the rulers of the Yin of the need for the public esteem, that the election of the other ; and so on.
Mo Flow: You talk about the major non-institutional culture, institutional culture and non-institutional culture, where the main difference?
Qin Hui: I think you said culture is bound to the cultural definition of non-national character, as I mentioned earlier, the reform of the former so-called feudal culture, capitalist culture, as in this sense, talk about culture, do not talk about Western comparison. As I've mentioned: Some people often imposed on Chinese people. This Why? on the Burning of the Books for China in the past there have been sort of thing? Is the West in the past there has been no heresy trial and burned at the stake?
I know some friends like to talk about like to eat Chinese food and Western food is culture, gender, diet free diet is not a culture of autocracy do not, Do not, What refers to the item, where the logic is the same set up. If the Of course, this two different things in you which one is called : But, Qin teachers, institutions and culture should be closely linked to, ah, in the sense that they should be displayed in perfect harmony, a certain system on the formation of a certain culture, certain cultural and heritage into a system. as you say as if the two separated.
Qin Hui: What is thinking of the old is repeated, people may also find that tyranny is granted. but you say Chinese, or autocracy to a constant? then west from the medieval to the modern, so much institutional change, they change the Logically, how can we prove that: long-term eating Chinese food, perhaps on the diet advocated autocracy, and you long to lead you to eat Western food diet advocated free? Well this is simply fails to hold.
the other hand, accustomed to the authoritarian rulers will not want to let the people choose, even if they may not persist in some kind of interpretations (or much of a legalist, not the original intent of the interpretation of Confucius and Mencius). Now they'd converted to what the Western intended interpretation). but with the In the species of 1,2-surely say that today the ancient A, B result. the most thorough A, B may be the long disruption will have a reason to change; but they are also compared with the geographical environment variable mm seems to be successful then there will be a reason for institutional change. But even more important objective is the existence of different geographical environment, this too subjective, so regardless of institutional change can not succeed to get a successful ; did not change, this kinds of long-time interpretation of the causal chain itself is meaningless. I am , especially the long time history of the causal chain, the total probability is very small. Ancient China led to the current 1 A, the West led to present the ancient B 2, or turn, the Chinese did not appear non-1, the West does not appear all that non-2mm None of this is inevitable, and even (say from a long time) can not be said to be a great probability, but time and again choose to It was previously selected effects of sin on the part of the causal chain in terms of the impact may be great, so close to clever. our future. the future is uncertain quality, and this is our responsibility, not the former, but not that long ago the ancients, such as generation of Confucius.
Mo Flow: Where is the vitality of national culture? its There is no strong or weak points of vitality? If so, it means that although no cultural advantages and disadvantages, but there is strength, right?
Qin Hui: I said Culture, advantages and disadvantages, pros and cons of actually saying no nationality, This is not so much empirical results, as it is a belief. because I believe that without the merits of national, racial non-pros and cons, and if the . then the reality of history developed in some ethnic groups, and some weak national weakness, which is why? In my opinion, it is their choice at a time in the history of the merits of the decision-making. Of course you can say, after a previous decision on the choice is influential, and therefore reflects the historical cause and effect, but the causal history is the probability of causation, rather than the inevitability of cause and effect, so as to extend the causal chain, the total probability of cause and effect will be close to zero, that is, a: National does not have advantages, but the embodiment of method chosen nation, there should be different from it, but a concrete manifestation of this approach is the cultural, Professor Qin please correct me.
Qin Hui: ; is a fact of experience that we can reflect on the to select our future path. But make value judgments on the fait accompli is not much sense. because of any past, especially the distant past can not decide on any one nation the future, or historians can be telling expert, but I have proved to explain the past history, including an explanation of the distant past, but can not predict the future, in particular, can not predict the distant future, the reason lies in the historical chain of causation significance of regressive.
but It is also because the future is uncertain, it is particularly important to our efforts. If we are destined to perish, to what use? If we are destined to prosper, then lie down and wait for the day got, why should they strive to do ?
on the fight against inference is that Western culture is superior to Chinese culture, modern culture is superior to the ancient culture, this evolutionary point of view is doubtful.
Qin Hui: I agree with your point of view. The question is how this cultural determinism is formed? I am in the important. Second, the basis of national identity. specific culture is to make a nation an important cohesive factor. so at least there exists in the national significance of this phenomenon, culture is very important. For myself, I do not in addition to Chinese herbal medicine very optimistic (which is when I was in the countryside when the production team about the experience when health workers), at least to speak Chinese, eat Chinese food, Chinese New Year Symbols Chinese-style aesthetic, and most of my relatives and friends as well, I am willing to living in their circles, this is the so-called cultural identity. Manqingruguan year after the most intolerable is that forced the Han men and shaved, put female feet, forced to engage cultural transformation. Despite the clear economic and political system and there is no big difference tomorrow, when the vast majority of Han Qing south, including the scholar has also succumbed, but years, full of heaven and earth to resist the Qing bloody campaign. see people in the In theory, advantages and disadvantages, just like I love the mother, not because she was smarter than others richer and more beautiful, or of a noble and what is others are not. is no logical relationship problems, and I love the mother, but I do not need proof of my mother, the merits of hard evidence indeed. For example, as to express the feelings I can praise the diligence and bravery of the Chinese nation, but this as an empirical study, you will need to prove that at least relative to other nations is lazy, cowardly, or diligent, brave How can be your understandable, but he said those in the mother, as well as blood and mother in addition to the resulting feelings of rights - the responsibility between the mother decided to not choose blood, and cultural identity is a choice. the mother of their children's upbringing and their children constitute a sense of obligation to wear - right, not a personality Why blame the right one do not believe the Chinese people believe in Christ or Confucius, but the letter of Marxism. modern state can only seek a legal obligation to do its citizens (taxation, military service, etc.), also belong to his rights, including cultural preferences into account. < br> Culture, merits, not force, but the increased cohesion and importance of the development of a nation, how do? it from the pros and cons of what can be improved (such as system) start to agree with your culture, people can be happy and thus enhance the recognition, but also to attract new partisan, and that this fascist ideology certainly worse than the democratic ideals it. thinking if only involve their own preferences, that is only involved in , but also as the merits of this idea. a thought may have thought these two aspects, for example, I master Zhang Xiaoguo few people, Han Fei Unity, if only to stop here, you never know advantages and disadvantages: a large country in this world there are a small country, you would like to live where it should be differ from each other can not be forced mm such as China is a big country, while Greece is a small country, you can not say that I wrote the Greek culture is inferior to China. The question is what would its way to make others agree with your idea, which involves the at least from the perspective of modern civilization is so human. I think that Han Fei's ideas are bad, not because I do not like the uniform, but because I resent his high-handed kind of unscrupulous ideology of slavery and the others must take the evil enough to thick black advocates.
kimcom: Will the traditional values is not part of the culture?
Qin Hui: traditional values itself is diverse, what value are you referring to? If referring to the Confucian, then there are purely personal Confucian selective value, and some others for how to constrain the system requires, the former belongs to culture, which do not fall under my definition of culture. but this does not mean that the latter should be negated. because this latter category provisions may appear to be desirable in a modern perspective, but in China unite in the system specification at the time, it is probably still the second-best.
kimcom: from the practice point of view, liberal democracy can survive in any culture. But Christian democratic system seems more stable countries such as South Korea.
Qin Hui: South Korea is a Christian country? how many Chinese people now are using the example of Korea to prove that Like many countries, have a cultural diversity, it is difficult to summarize an idea of a religion. But even the Christian nation, it is not historically have been free and democratic system, the reality of modern democracy is indeed in the Christian, especially in Protestant countries produced, but, as I am : Does the teacher has read Renbu Mei Qin's if the original is called China's democracy is impossible. This may be contrary to his intention (many cultural determinist will face a similar predicament). So I think most open to question.
Lu: Thank you. Ren really trying to find the reasons why, but did not give a specific solution. I personally think that is the system of choice or freedom of speech pioneer of democratic reform.
Xiao Wu: Qin Berlin to see how teachers view of negative liberty?
Qin Hui: I answered the question about negative liberty: negative liberty of this proposition, mainly living in the free state of the people how to prevent the loss of freedom. with Hayek's words, is to prevent to the problems. But in many cases, people first must find a order necessary, but only negative freedom is difficult to establish the liberal order. I am in the difficulties, mm liberal order created difficult, difficult here.
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bark friends: freedom is just a person's preferences only, in the pursuit of the maximization of preferences?
Qin Hui: or Freedom is one of mankind's pursuit of all values, not only for the Chinese, Westerners, too, but at the expense of some degree of freedom, whether you can exchange for other value? This requires a basic freedom . analogy, I think the difference between any nation, can not be compared with greater differences between different animals, right? such as ants, bees are social-type animals, they are born collectivist, and the tiger are used to the forest alone, they can be said to be born Both animals are not universal. But, while the ants are just can not survive. If the ants are collectivist grounds outsiders artificially combination of any colony an When combined, such as estrus female and male, lactating mother, you should be the Tiger survival, please note that I say here is that ;, which is probably either the tiger or the ants are applicable for the value of it!
Xiao Wu: What is Enlightenment? I think enlightenment is of a unique taste, in the Western sense of enlightenment can not easily use, whether Kant Foucault's concept of enlightenment, or enlightenment concept, not necessarily suitable for China.
Qin Hui: the so-called Enlightenment, as I understand it is actually a popular choice, universal freedom, but freedom is clearly a boundary, which brings out in front of the phrase between. The Chinese and Western is the only group with no other CD has the other, or even ...
Thursday, December 16, 2010
Links were found by me in this site a Jiutie, author is unknown, the content is very exciting
Temptress Moon -------- On the site of the terrorist hazards and get rid of prostitution 2005.3. Deterrence: Piaosu prostitutes, and offenders detained for fifteen days, a warning, a statement of repentance or education through labor in accordance with the provisions and may impose a fine of five thousand yuan; constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility. Piaosu young girls under 14 years of age , according to the provisions of Criminal Law thirty-nine to rape offenses. Current Forum: Forum adultery quit [jiexieyin.xilubbs.com] [Editor's note] prostitute it would be addictive, just like any drug, had its first time, there will be the second time! wise million by night!! in the the fragility of life could be so original!!! still a window period of HIV pre-test waiting period, in these days, each party may at any time as a prisoner dragged out beheadings, like daily life as in hell in general, pain, suffering endless!!! to remind you that maintaining an army for a thousand days, military forces while, usually like him to self-cultivation, improve self-character, the key time to resist the temptation to prevent tragedies. life and fragile, please careful,! careful,! Editor: Dharma Realm beings (inappropriate, please Zhu Fang Dade modified) directory: First, the prostitute's endless hazards: the enormous physical and psychological trauma for your 1, prostitution loss of character, a great reward. 2 ,UGG boots clearance, poisoning and sexually transmitted diseases 3 prostitutes, AIDS may be waving to you, the god of death to your smile! 4, prostitution hurt the feelings of the couples: you may lose the happiness of two families, prostitution sins in the end be? prostitutes Why guilty? Third, the psychological analysis of a prostitute, men are mostly best. Fourth, the real nature of prostitutes and clients feel ____ help you see through down five, sexual truly happy reasons: not because of beauty! six, how to see through the temptation of prostitutes, I only know that violations of others before his wife and daughter of the great sins of adultery maximum (Note: one-night stands, extramarital affair, sexual misconduct an honest woman or girl, regardless of whether she voluntarily, Ford will greatly reduce the life had become rich and poor, would have peace would bring disaster, after the death of an arrow into hell ! wise million by night! O ring to pain mistaken for prostitutes sin !!!),UGG boots cheap, but less so in the mental can not cause alarm. Now it seems, really wrong! In fact, the consequences of prostitution is also available fear. an old saying: Do not refrain from doing good, small, MO to whom evil! Moreover, prostitution is not a small crime. We have to improve self-control, abstinence, do not fall, refused the temptation of prostitutes, and strive to practice, life must be reborn in the Western Paradise! out of the red fire pit, to be a cool Han! Amitabha!!! one, prostitution infinite harm: the enormous physical and psychological trauma for your 1, prostitution loss of character, a great reward. who want to further their studies through a variety of or other tests to candidates who change their own destiny, please read carefully, it is very important. Story 1: porn guilty of prostitution, fame almost wins Zhoubo Shun Qing Shandong. Tongzhi Jiazi years, when he went to sit to the provincial capital, the results to be published that has been the subject of the lifts in the post, very proud, that attracted a lot of prostitutes, open the banquet, please feel free to come to congratulate your friends and family. dinner and then live-in prostitutes, and indulge in unbridled desire Yinyue. just as he was carried away , and indulge in fun that night, the home of his father, had a dream; a god in a dream told him: . but because he held the post in the provincial capital, actually recruit prostitutes Yin Yue, guilty of sexual misconduct. though sewage has been the object of prostitution is prostitution everyone can be bought, but I do not know the body weight of clean, conduct is not correct, Judging a great loss of, due to the fault, so Wenchang fame has been slashed. Fortunately, your grandfather's lifetime Yum Kung Jide very thick, more than your son by the shadow of their ancestors, if they can repent from good deeds, his being deprived of the fame, still to regain hope, wish you rebuke him look out for themselves. to deceive, is denied porn Yinyue thing. his father had and I do not know, see Zhou Boshun repentance, it is sad angry, then included the matter of the dream god of the report, one by one tell him. Zhoubo Shun hear, can not help but sweating, pale, bow only admit to this. So fear and trepidation of incense prayer God, pray to the gods allowed him to repent, and vow never to repeat. because he has more than Germany and the shadow of their ancestors, and it could be God Tuomeng caution, but also fortunate He repented in time, and strive to perform good deeds. but God does not repent of sin, and later turned in the Tongzhi Boshin Chin was awarded third. (2) respectful blessing, there was a desecration of the central state of Chu suffer Xiaolian inside the temple to study, out in front of his statue, must respectfully Zuo Yi.
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